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norskDoktorgradsavhandlinger (Helsefak): Recent submissions
Now showing items 181-200 of 747
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The obesity epidemic; population levels of visceral adipose tissue and trends in body composition. Insights from The Tromsø Study
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-12-09)<p><i>Background:</i> Simultaneously with the growing obesity epidemic, cardiometabolic risk have decreased in high-income countries. Do the most frequently used general and abdominal obesity measures (BMI and waist circumference) fail to represent actual obesity and obesity-related health risk? <p><i>Aims:</i> 1) present reference- and threshold values for DXA-derived visceral adipose tissue (VAT) ... -
Oral health among the indigenous Sámi population. A population-based study on periodontal health, dental caries, and oral health-related quality of life
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-12-08)<p><i>Background/Aim:</i> The lack of scientific knowledge on oral health in Sámi populations and the regional differences in caries experience among children in Northern Norway has raised the question of whether the high prevalence of oral disease in that geographic area differs by ethnicity. Evidence-based knowledge on oral health conditions in adults in these areas is scarce. The overall objective ... -
Mechanism and structural requirements for formation of p62 bodies and degradation of p62 by selective autophagy
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-12-03)Selective autophagy is responsible for the lysosomal degradation of damaged and surplus cytoplasmic components, including misfolded proteins and dysfunctional organelles. Selective autophagy is required for protein and organelle quality control basally and upon stress. For the autophagic process to be precise, selective autophagy receptors (SARs) like SQSTM1/p62 are required. Autophagic substrates ... -
The temporal development of cognitive behavioral therapy as treatment for unipolar depression. An evaluation based on three meta-analyses, focusing on time-trends, effect sizes, and associated moderators
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-11-29)The present thesis` main objective was to examine time-trends related to CBT as an anti-depressive treatment. A meta-analytic approach was the tool for such investigations, in which the formats of individual, group (GCBT), and mindfulness-based cognitive behavioral therapy (MCBT) were explored from a temporal point of view, and the results subsequently summarized in four articles. The meta-analyses ... -
Circle of Willis variants and cerebrovascular health: Representations, prevalences, functions and related consequences. Incomplete anatomy and changes to flow appear to induce more unfavourable health outcomes
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-12-03)<p><i>Background:</i> The Circle of Willis (CoW) is a circular structure of arteries in which most of the blood flowing to our brains pass through. The structure has primarily been regarded as important for its ability to redistribute blood flow in case of acute arterial occlusion, but may also have a role in dampening the pressure gradient in cerebral blood flow. The CoW anatomy also varies ... -
Testicular cancer survivors in the cisplatin era: Metachronous contralateral testicular cancer, second cancer and causes of death
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-11-26)<p><i>Background/aims:</i> Testicular cancer (TC) is the most common cancer among young men aged 20-40 years. The cure rates are excellent, an important factor being the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin. This thesis aimed to investigate how TC treatment influenced the subsequent risk for metachronous contralateral (second) TC, non-TC second cancer (SC) and non-TC mortality. <p><i>Methods:</i> The ... -
Training and influence of maximal strength in football players - With specific emphasis on females
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-11-26)Participation and interest in female football is rising. Football is considered a complex sport, where technical, tactical, and physiological traits are suggested to impact the players´ ability to perform. However, most research on physical testing and training prescription derives from males. Although research is emerging on the match demands of female football, how underlying physiological or ... -
Rehabilitation pathways, satisfaction with functioning and wellbeing, and experienced rehabilitation needs after stroke
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-11-25)This international cohort study included 451 Norwegian and 348 Danish patients with first-ever stroke admitted to stroke units from one country region in north Norway and one in Denmark with different organization of rehabilitation services. Data were collected from national stroke registries and questionnaires with 3- and 12-months follow-up. The Quality of Life after Brain Injury-Overall Scale ... -
Temporal trends in intracerebral hemorrhage in a general population. Incidence, risk factors, case fatality and long-term mortality. The Tromsø Study
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-11-12)Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the second most common subtype of stroke. The prognosis is poor. However, it is to a large degree a preventable disease. The aim of our study was to analyse the association between cardiovascular risk factors and risk of ICH, and to assess the impact of changes in risk factor levels over time on incidence rates of ICH. In addition, we aimed to analyse short- and ... -
The Role of Plasma Extracellular Vesicles and Procoagulant Phospholipid Activity in Venous Thromboembolism
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-11-05)Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the formation of a blood clot in, most commonly, the deep veins of the lower extremities and the pulmonary circulation. VTE is a prevalent disease associated with severe short- and long-term complications. Negatively charged procoagulant phospholipids (PPL), and phosphatidylserine (PS) in particular, are vital to efficient coagulation activation, and found expressed ... -
Wuthering heights: Outcomes from pancreatic surgery and trends in treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in Norway in a post-centralization era
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-10-22)<p><i>Aim:</i> The main aim of this thesis was to explore the contemporary outcomes of pancreatic surgery and treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in Norway seen in light of the centralization process and the volume-outcome relationship. <p><i>Methods:</i> We analysed three complete national patient cohorts using prospectively gathered data from national medical quality registries. The ... -
Why is it safe – enough? Decision-making in avalanche terrain
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-10-25)The snowy mountains of the world attract an increasing number of backcountry recreationalists, but nice skiing comes with a risk. Every year about 140 people in Europe and North America lose their life in avalanche accidents. 9 out of 10 accidents are triggered by the victim or someone in their party. Therefore, improving decision-making is important. Avalanche terrain decision-making is complex ... -
When is remission remission? Elucidating the remission state in Ulcerative Colitis: a multimodal exploration
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-10-22)Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the colon that has a relapsing-remitting characteristic. The disease management consists of prolonging periods of remission and reducing relapse frequency. There is currently no universally accepted definition of remission in UC. There are different methods of establishing if a patient is in remission, but the lack of definition and ... -
Advanced methods in reproductive medicine: Application of optical nanoscopy, artificial intelligence-assisted quantitative phase microscopy and mitochondrial DNA copy numbers to assess human sperm cells
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-10-22)Declined fertility rate and population is a matter of serious concern, especially in the developed nations. Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART), including in vitro fertilization (IVF), have provided great hope for infertility treatment and maintaining population growth and social structure. With the help of ART, more than 8 million babies have already been born so far. Despite the worldwide ... -
Metabolic syndrome, obesity and ethnicity—The SAMINOR Study
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-10-13)Clustering of certain cardiometabolic risk factors is known as metabolic syndrome (MetS). MetS is associated with an unhealthy lifestyle and the prevalence is increasing alongside the obesity epidemic, making it an important public health issue. Both MetS and obesity are common in the adult population in rural Northern Norway, which comprises an ethnically mixed population. MetS is defined using ... -
Dental anxiety in adolescents and adults. Epidemiological studies based on the Tromsø Study 7 and Fit Futures 1 & 2
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-10-01)<p><i>Background:</i> High dental anxiety can hinder individuals from seeking necessary dental treatment and thereby an obstacle in ensuring equal access to health care in the population. The overall aim of this thesis was to advance the understanding of dental anxiety in adolescents and adults, with a focus on the relevance of mental health symptoms, oral health and potentially traumatic events. ... -
Surface modification of liposomes increases drug efficacy in local vaginal therapy
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2016-02-19)<p>The vaginal inflammation and infection are one of the major female health issues, and unfortunately rather neglected. The anatomical structure and physiological conditions make vagina vulnerable to inflammation and infection, which if not successfully treated, can lead to deteriorating female health conditions. In pregnant patients, the pregnancy outcome can be severely affected. Although a ... -
Modulation of Cardiometabolic Health by Dietary Supplementation with Calanus oil
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-09-17)Obesity leads to alterations in myocardial metabolism, expressed as an increased utilization of fat for energy purposes at the expense of carbohydrate. This shift in energy metabolism is associated with impairment of ventricular function which can lead to heart failure. This thesis raises the question of whether dietary supplementation with Calanus oil, a novel marine oil derived from the marine ... -
Organization and orchestration of male rat sexual behavior
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-09-07)Sexual behavior is innately motivated and rewarding. The underlying neurobiological mechanisms of sexual motivation, copulation, and sexual reward have not been completely unraveled. This thesis gives insight in the structure, organization, and neurobiological orchestration of male rat sexual behavior. The research presented in this thesis demonstrates that a more extensive behavioral annotation ... -
Peripheral nerve blocks for shoulder surgery - Periclavicular approaches in the pursuit of a diaphragm-sparing technique
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-09-03)<p>Background: Interscalene block is the gold standard for analgesia after shoulder surgery. However, it is associated with some block-related complications, especially the risk of hemidiaphragmatic paresis. In study I, we hypothesized that a more distal combination of nerve blocks would provide a feasible alternative to the gold standard. Study II was designed to optimize one of the components of ...
