The present chapter engages with the formal framing of friend and foe in the war genre. Asserting the significance of film for cultural forms of memory and a politics of the past, I sketch out the generic conventions through which particular notions of self and other are inscribed, before I conduct an analysis of Clint Eastwood’s <i>American Sniper</i> (2014) to flesh out what I term a cosmologic ...

Flerspråklighet er et relevant tema etter innføringen av begrepet "Flerspråklighet" som kjerneelement i den nye læreplanen, LK20 - Fagfornyelsen, i 2020. I denne masteroppgaven ser jeg på hvordan flerspråklighet kommer til uttrykk i den forrige læreplanen, LK06, og den nye, LK20, og hvordan dette blir implementert i to ulike læreverk for tysk som fremmedspråk hos 8. klasseelever som lærer tysk for ...

Merge is the central engine of syntax, in Chomsky’s Minimalist Program. In this chapter I discuss Merge, which is relatively well understood, and formal syntactic features, which are much less well understood, and their relation to each other in Chomsky’s work and related efforts.

Aims and objectives: This thesis investigates cross-linguistic influence (CLI) in child third language (L3) acquisition. The main objectives are to find the source of CLI, whether it is L1, L2, or both, and to find out whether CLI occurs on a property-by-property basis or as a wholesale phenomenon. Methodology: Persian-Norwegian heritage bilinguals acquiring L3 English are compared to L2 English ...

Children acquiring languages such as English, German or Dutch typically go through a phase where they produce non-finite root clauses, often referred to as the Optional Infinitive (OI) stage. But there is a difference between English on the one hand and the other Germanic languages on the other with respect to the occurrence of non-finite wh-questions: while there is a high number of OIs in English ...

As described in Endresen (1985) and Bull (1987) Norwegian dialects in Trøndelag and North Norway have a way of forming degree questions without the use of a wh-expression and without the syntax that normally accompanies wh-questions. Taken at face value the construction takes the form of regular yes/no-questions. Consider the pair in (1) showing a Standard Norwegian degree question (1a) compared to ...

Herein, we contextualize, problematize and offer some insights for moving beyond the problem of monolingual comparative normativity in (psycho)linguistic research on bilingualism. We argue that, in the vast majority of cases, juxtaposing (functional) monolinguals to bilinguals fails to offer what the comparison is supposedly intended to do: meet the standards of empirical control in line with ...

Norwegische Deutschlehrer unterrichten seit 13 Jahren nach dem geltenden Lehrplan K06. Ein neuer Lehrplan wird 2020 eingeführt. Welchen Fort- und Weiterbildungsbedarf sehen Fachlehrer nach langjährigen Erfahrungen mit dem Lehrplan K06? Dieser Frage geht die vorliegende Pilotstudie nach. Sie liefert ein erstes Datenmaterial, das eine wichtige Grundlage für eine zukünftige umfassende Bedarfsanalyse ...

Bilingualism has been argued to help maintain cognitive functioning in ageing by contributing to the cognitive reserve, the brain’s functional adaptability and resilience against cognitive decline. Within this, the constant engagement with bilingual mechanisms to monitor multiple languages arguably leads to neurocognitive adaptations of attentional systems. Examining bilingual experience as a spectrum, ...

In this chapter, we discuss the use of the auxiliaries (or copulas) bliva and varda in the Nordic varieties. The phenomenon investigated is slightly different from the other phenomena discussed in NALS Volume 1 in that it is not really a syntactic phenomenon, but rather a lexical one. Bliva and varda are used as auxiliaries in periphrastic passives (followed by a passive participle), but they ...