This position paper presents a framework for intelligent underwater exploration by marrying foundation models (FMs) with multi‑frequency echosounder data. Echosounder data capture backscattered acoustic signals across a range of frequencies, providing rich insights into underwater environments by exploiting the frequency‑dependent scattering properties of underwater targets. However, their heterogeneity ...

Carbon cycling between surface and mantle reservoirs is pivotal in fostering habitability of Earth. A critical yet poorly constrained parameter is whether crustal carbon can “survive” devolatilization processes that accompany slab subduction and therefore influence deep carbon budgets. Carbonatites provide a key record to address this important topic. Here, we present high-precision potassium isotope ...

Large volcanic eruptions strongly influence the internal variability of the climate system. Reliable estimates of the volcanic eruption response as simulated by climate models are needed to reconstruct past climate variability. Yet, the ability of models to represent the response to both single-eruption events and a combination of eruptions remains uncertain. We use the Community Earth System Model ...

This article presents characteristics of geological and tectonic structures of the Kuljuktau Mountains, mineralogical and geochemical features of its volcanic and intrusive rocks and associated mineralisation of critical elements. The Taskazgan graphite, Shaidaraz lithium, and Tozbulak high-purity quartz deposits, and new prospects for rare earth mineralisation have been identified as the most ...

Foraminifera are important marine environmental indicators widely used in paleoceanography and paleoclimate studies. They are a dominant component of meiobenthic communities around the Antarctic continental shelf, including rarely studied locations below the ice shelves, close to the grounding line. In this study, we use high-throughput sequencing of sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) targeting ...

Bygg- og anleggsbransjen er en av de mest ulykkesutsatte næringene i det norske arbeidslivet, og i statistikken er det en betydelig overhyppighet av skader i de yngste aldersgruppene. Denne studien forsker på hvordan organisasjoner i bygg- og anleggsbransjen kan bygge en sikkerhetskultur der unge arbeidstakere sin risiko for arbeidsskader- og ulykker reduseres. Sikkerhetskultur kan beskrives som en ...

Slow–ultraslow spreading ridges represent half of the total length of the global mid-ocean ridge system and have been recognized to host hydrothermal activity. Their role as a source versus sink of elements in the oceans remains poorly constrained. Here, we present the first sediment data from the Aurora Vent Field (~3900 m depth) on the ultraslow spreading Gakkel mid-ocean ridge and the northernmost ...

<p>Arctic sea ice (ASI) is a critical component of the Earth’s climate system, serving as both a regulator of energy exchange and a sensitive indicator of climate change. Over recent decades, ASI has experienced a dramatic decline in both extent and thickness, driven by rising global temperatures and amplified by Arctic feedback mechanisms. This decline is a key driver of Arctic amplification, a ...

Physical activity epidemiology is the study of patterns, risks, and effects of physical activity within populations. It plays a crucial role in understanding how physical activity influences health outcomes, such as reducing the risk of chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity. An important prerequisite is the accurate measurement of physical activity, which can be assessed ...

Iron is an essential micronutrient for phytoplankton and plays an integral role in the marine carbon cycle. The supply and bioavailability of iron are therefore important modulators of climate over glacial-interglacial cycles. Inputs of iron from the Antarctic continental shelf alleviate iron limitation in the Southern Ocean, driving hotspots of productivity. Glacial meltwater fluxes can deliver ...