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norskArtikler, rapporter og annet (medisinsk biologi): Recent submissions
Now showing items 561-580 of 1102
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Antibiotics to outpatients in Norway—Assessing effect of latitude and municipality population size using quantile regression in a cross-sectional study.
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-09-29)High antibiotic consumption rates are associated to high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance. Geographical differences in dispensing rates of antibiotics are frequently analysed using statistical methods addressing the central tendency of the data. Yet, examining extreme quantiles may be of equal or greater interest if the problem relates to the extremes of consumption rates, as is the case for ... -
Inhibition of chemerin/CMKLR1 axis in neuroblastoma cells reduces clonogenicity and cell viability in vitro and impairs tumor growth in vivo
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-07-27)Pro-inflammatory cells, cytokines, and chemokines are essential in promoting a tumor supporting microenvironment. Chemerin is a chemotactic protein and a natural ligand for the receptors CMKLR1, GPR1, and CCRL2. The chemerin/CMKLR1 axis is involved in immunity and inflammation, and it has also been implicated in obesity and cancer.<p> In neuroblastoma, a childhood tumor of the peripheral nervous ... -
Drug-screening and genomic analyses of HER2-positive breast cancer cell lines reveal predictors for treatment response
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-03-21)Background<br> Approximately 15%–20% of all diagnosed breast cancers are characterized by amplified and overexpressed HER2 (= ErbB2). These breast cancers are aggressive and have a poor prognosis. Although improvements in treatment have been achieved after the introduction of trastuzumab and lapatinib, many patients do not benefit from these drugs. Therefore, in-depth understanding of the mechanisms ... -
CRISPR/Cas9—Advancing Orthopoxvirus Genome Editing for Vaccine and Vector Development
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-01-22): The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/associated protein 9 (Cas9) technology is revolutionizing genome editing approaches. Its high efficiency, specificity, versatility, flexibility, simplicity and low cost have made the CRISPR/Cas9 system preferable to other guided site-specific nuclease-based systems such as TALENs (Transcription Activator-like Effector ... -
Comparison of Compressive Stress-Relaxation Behavior in Osteoarthritic (ICRS Graded) Human Articular Cartilage
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-01-31)Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disorder found mostly in elderly people. The role of mechanical behavior in the progression of OA is complex and remains unclear. The stress-relaxation behavior of human articular cartilage in clinically defined osteoarthritic stages may have importance in diagnosis and prognosis of OA. In this study, we investigated differences in the biomechanical responses ... -
A role of Sp1 binding motifs in basal and large T-Antigen-induced promoter activities of human polyomavirus HPyV9 and its variant UF-1
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-11-14)Human polyomavirus 9 (HPyV9) was originally detected in the serum of a renal transplant patient. Seroepidemiological studies showed that ~20-50% of the human population have antibodies against this virus. HPyV9 has not yet been associated with any disease and little is known about the route of infection, transmission, host cell tropism, and genomic variability in circulating strains. Recently, the ... -
Infection prevention and control measures and tools for the prevention of entry of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae into healthcare settings: Guidance from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-11-15)Background: Infections with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are increasingly being reported from patients in healthcare settings. They are associated with high patient morbidity, attributable mortality and hospital costs. Patients who are “at-risk” may be carriers of these multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (MDR-E). The purpose of this guidance is to raise awareness and identify ... -
Can an inadequate cervical cytology sample in ThinPrep be converted to a satisfactory sample by processing it with a SurePath preparation?
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-08-22)Background: The Norwegian Cervical Cancer Screening Program recommends screening every 3 years for women between 25 and 69 years of age. There is a large difference in the percentage of unsatisfactory samples between laboratories that use different brands of liquid-based cytology. We wished to examine if inadequate ThinPrep samples could be satisfactory by processing them with the SurePath ... -
Rho-associated kinase is a therapeutic target in neuroblastoma
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-07-24)Neuroblastoma is a peripheral neural system tumor that originates from the neural crest and is the most common and deadly tumor of infancy. Here we show that neuroblastoma harbors frequent mutations of genes controlling the Rac/Rho signaling cascade important for proper migration and differentiation of neural crest cells during neuritogenesis. RhoA is activated in tumors from neuroblastoma ... -
Evaluation of the proliferation marker Ki-67 in a large prostatectomy cohort.
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-11-15)The tumor proliferation index marker Ki-67 is strongly associated with tumor cell proliferation, growth and progression, and is widely used in routine clinicopathological investigation. Prostate cancer is a complex multifaceted and biologically heterogeneous disease, and overtreatment of localized, low volume indolent tumors, is evident. Here, we aimed to assess Ki-67 expression and related ... -
High number of kinome-mutations in non-small cell lung cancers associated with reduced immune response and poor relapse-free survival
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-04-07)Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related death, and the past years’ improved insight into underlying molecular events has significantly improved outcome for specific subsets of patients. In particular, several new therapies that target protein kinases have been implemented, and many more are becoming available. We have investigated lung cancer specimens for somatic mutations in a targeted ... -
Hazard Characterization of Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Vector: What Are the Knowledge Gaps?
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-10-29)Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is the vector of choice for human and veterinary applications due to its strong safety profile and immunogenicity in vivo. The use of MVA and MVA-vectored vaccines against human and animal diseases must comply with regulatory requirements as they pertain to environmental risk assessment, particularly the characterization of potential adverse effects to humans, ... -
Plasma microRNAs as biomarkers of pancreatic cancer risk in a prospective cohort study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-06-12)Noninvasive biomarkers for early pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) diagnosis and disease risk stratification are greatly needed. We conducted a nested case-control study within the Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort to evaluate prediagnostic microRNAs (miRs) as biomarkers of subsequent PDAC risk. A panel of eight miRs (miR-10a, -10b, -21-3p, -21-5p, -30c, -106b, ... -
Oncolytic peptide LTX-315 induces an immune-mediated abscopal effect in a rat sarcoma model
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-08-17)LTX 315 is an oncolytic peptide with potent immunological properties. In the present study, we demonstrate that intratumoral treatment with LTX-315 resulted in a complete regression and systemic immune response in a rat fibrosarcoma model. The treatment was T-cell dependent, and also resulted in an abscopal effect as demonstrated by the regression of distal non-treated lesions. Significant infiltration ... -
Kenny mediates selective autophagic degradation of the IKK complex to control innate immune responses
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-11-02)Selective autophagy is a catabolic process with which cellular material is specifically targeted for degradation by lysosomes. The function of selective autophagic degradation of self-components in the regulation of innate immunity is still unclear. Here we show that Drosophila Kenny, the homolog of mammalian IKKγ, is a selective autophagy receptor that mediates the degradation of the IκB kinase ... -
B Cell Tolerance to Deiminated Histones in BALB/c, C57BL/6, and Autoimmune-Prone Mouse Strains
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-03-30)Deimination, a posttranslational modification of arginine to citrulline carried out by peptidylarginine deiminases, may compromise tolerance of self-antigens. Patients with connective tissue autoimmunity, particularly rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), or Felty’s syndrome, present with autoantibodies to deiminated histones (dH), which thus form a category of antibodies ... -
Ligand-guided homology modelling of the GABAb2 subunit of the GABAb receptor
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-03-21)γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, and disturbances in the GABAergic system have been implicated in numerous neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases. The GABA<sub>B</sub> receptor is a heterodimeric class C G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) consisting of GABA<sub>B1a/b</sub> and GABA<sub>B2</sub> subunits. Two GABA<sub>B</sub> receptor ... -
High miR-205 expression in normal epithelium is associated with biochemical failure - An argument for epithelial crosstalk in prostate cancer?
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-11-24)Due to insufficient prognostic tools, failure to predict aggressive prostate cancer (PC) has left patient selection for radical treatment an unsolved challenge. This has resulted in overtreatment with radical therapy. Better prognostic tools are urgently warranted. MicroRNAs (miRs) have emerged as important regulators of cellular pathways, resulting in altered gene expressions. miR-205 has previously ... -
Regulation of atypical MAP kinases ERK3 and ERK4 by the phosphatase DUSP2
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-03-02)The atypical MAP kinases ERK3 and ERK4 are activated by phosphorylation of a serine residue lying within the activation loop signature sequence S-E-G. However, the regulation of ERK3 and ERK4 phosphorylation and activity is poorly understood. Here we report that the inducible nuclear dual-specificity MAP kinase phosphatase (MKP) DUSP2, a known regulator of the ERK and p38 MAPKs, is unique amongst ... -
Ionizing radiation abrogates the pro-tumorigenic capacity of cancer-associated fibroblasts co-implanted in xenografts
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-04-25)Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are abundantly present in solid tumors and affect tumorigenesis and therapeutic responses. In the context of clinical radiotherapy, the impact of irradiated CAFs to treatment outcomes is largely unexplored. Aiming at improving radiotherapy efficacy, we have here explored the effect of radiation on the inherent pro-tumorigenic capacity of CAFs in animals. Ionizing ...
