Artikler, rapporter og annet (medisinsk biologi): Recent submissions

Now showing items 761-780 of 1102

    • HPV mRNA is more specific than HPV DNA in triage of women with minor cervical lesions 

      Sørbye, Sveinung Wergeland; Fismen, Silje; Gutteberg, Tore Jarl; Mortensen, Elin Synnøve; Skjeldestad, Finn Egil (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2014-11-18)
      311 women were scheduled for triage of minor cervical lesions (ASC-US / LSIL). 30 women (9.6%) had ASC-H/HSIL cytology at triage and 281 women (90.4%) had ASC-US/LSIL or normal cytology. The HPV DNA test was positive in 92 (32.7%) of 281 instances, and 37 (13.2%) were mRNA positive. Of the 132 women with repeated ASC-US/LSIL, we received biopsies from 97.0% (65/67) of the DNA-positive and 92.9% ...

    • Human oxygen sensing may have origins in prokaryotic elongation factor Tu prolyl-hydroxylation 

      Paulsen, Steinar (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2014-09-02)
      The roles of 2-oxoglutarate (2OG)-dependent prolyl-hydroxylases in eukaryotes include collagen stabilization, hypoxia sensing, and translational regulation. The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) sensing system is conserved in animals, but not in other organisms. However, bioinformatics imply that 2OG-dependent prolyl-hydroxylases (PHDs) homologous to those acting as sensing components for the HIF system ...

    • Coronary flow reserve in pregnant rats with increased left ventricular afterload 

      Songstad, Nils Thomas; Serrano, Maria; Sitras, Vasilis; Johansen, David; Ytrehus, Kirsti; Acharya, Ganesh (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2014-07-09)
      Background Coronary flow reserve (CFR) is used as a measure of coronary endothelial function. We investigated the effect of increased afterload on CFR of pregnant and non-pregnant rats. Methods Afterload increase in Wister rats (both pregnant and non-pregnant) was achieved by the infusion of angiotensin II (Ang II) for ~10 days or by subjecting them to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) ...

    • The importance of contextualization. Anthropological reflections on descriptive analysis, its limitations and implications 

      Andersen, Rikke Sand; Risør, Mette Bech (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2014)
      This paper regards a concern for the quality of analyses made on the basis of qualitative interviews in some parts of qualitative health research. Departing in discussions on studies exploring ‘patient delay’ in healthcare seeking, it is argued that an implicit and simplified notion of causality impedes reflexivity on social context, on the nature of verbal statements and on the situatedness of the ...

    • Molecular characterization and phylogenetics of Fennoscandian cowpox virus isolates based on the p4c and atip genes 

      Okeke, Malachy Ifeanyi; Okoli, Arinze Stanley; Nilssen, Øivind; Moens, Ugo; Tryland, Morten; Bøhn, Thomas; Traavik, Terje (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2014)
      Background: Cowpox virus (CPXV), a rodent-borne Orthopoxvirus (OPV) that is indigenous to Eurasia can infect humans, cattle, felidae and other animals. Molecular characterization of CPXVs isolated from different geographic locations is important for the understanding of their biology, geographic distribution, classification and evolution. Our aim was to characterize CPXVs isolated from Fennoscandia ...

    • A multicentre hospital outbreak in Sweden caused by introduction of a vanB2 transposon into a stably maintained pRUM-plasmid in an Enterococcus faecium ST192 clone. 

      Sivertsen, Audun; Billström, Hanna; Melefors, Öjar; Liljequist, Barbro Olsson; Wisell, Karin Tegmark; Ullberg, Måns; Özenci, Volkan; Sundsfjord, Arnfinn; Hegstad, Kristin (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2014)
      The clonal dissemination of VanB-type vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) strains in three Swedish hospitals between 2007 and 2011 prompted further analysis to reveal the possible origin and molecular characteristics of the outbreak strain. A representative subset of VREfm isolates (n = 18) and vancomycin-susceptible E. faecium (VSEfm, n = 2) reflecting the spread in time and location ...

    • Standardization meets stories: contrasting perspectives on the needs of frail individuals at a rehabilitation unit 

      Mjølstad, Bente Prytz; Kirkengen, Anna Luise; Getz, Linn; Hetlevik, Irene (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2013)
      Background: Repeated encounters over time enable general practitioners (GPs) to accumulate biomedical and biographical knowledge about their patients. A growing body of evidence documenting the medical relevance of lifetime experiences indicates that health personnel ought to appraise this type of knowledge and consider how to incorporate it into their treatment of patients. In order to explore ...

    • Systematiske oversikter og epidemiologisk forskning 

      Norderhaug, Inger Natvig (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2013)
      En god helsetjeneste forutsetter god kunnskap som grunnlag for de valg som gjøres. Systematiske oversikter som sammenfatter tilgjengelig forskningsbasert kunnskap er en viktig del av beslutningsgrunnlaget, enten det er snakk om effektene av tiltak, hvorfor sykdom oppstår, diagnostikk, prognose, eller hvordan sykdom oppleves for dem som rammes. Systematiske oversikter er blitt en vel anerkjent ...

    • Fysisk aktivitet og effekt på hjertesykdom og død 

      Morseth, Bente; Løchen, Maja-Lisa (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2014)
      Helt siden 1700-tallet har man kjent til at fysisk aktivitet har gunstig effekt på mennesker med koronar hjertesykdom, og i dag anbefales en aktiv livsstil som et ledd i forebygging av hjerte- og karsykdom. Anbefalingene er fundert på en etter hvert stor mengde dokumentasjon som samlet viser at fysisk aktivitet reduserer risikoen for hjerte- og karsykdom og prematur død. I denne artikkelen ...

    • Host and microbe determinants that may influence the success of S. aureus colonization 

      Johannessen, Mona; Sollid, Johanna U Ericson; Hanssen, Anne-Merethe (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2012)
      Staphylococcus aureus may cause serious skin and soft tissue infections, deep abscesses, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia, and sepsis. S. aureus persistently colonizes 25–30% of the adult human population, and S. aureus carriers have an increased risk for infections caused by the bacterium. The major site of colonization is the nose, i.e., the vestibulum nasi, which is covered with ordinary ...

    • Site-specific reverse splicing of a HEG-containing group I intron in ribosomal RNA 

      Birgisdottir, Åsa Birna; Johansen, Steinar (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2005)
      The myxomycete Didymium iridis (isolate Panama 2) contains a mobile group I intron named Dir.S956-1 after position 956 in the nuclear small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene. The intron is efficiently spread through homing by the intron-encoded homing endonuclease I-DirI. Homing endonuclease genes (HEGs) usually spread with their associated introns as a unit, but infrequently also spread independent ...

    • Cigarette smoking and colorectal cancer mortality among 602,242 Norwegian males and females 

      Parajuli, Ranjan; Bjerkaas, Eivind; Tverdal, Aage; Le Marchand, Loïc; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Gram, Inger Torhild (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2014)
      Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the main cancer types, with high incidence and mortality in Norway. We examined the association between different measures of smoking exposure and CRC mortality overall and by subsite in a large Norwegian cohort. Methods: We followed 602,242 participants from four Norwegian health surveys, aged 19–67 years at enrollment between 1972 and 2003 by linkage ...

    • The Association between Lifetime Smoking Exposure and Breast Cancer Mortality – Results from a Norwegian Cohort 

      Bjerkaas, Eivind; Gram, Inger Torhild; Parajuli, Ranjan; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Mascarinec, G; Engeland, Anders (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2014)
      Several recent cohort studies have found an association between smoking and breast cancer, but the association between lifetime smoking exposure and breast cancer mortality is less well described. We examined whether smoking before breast cancer diagnosis is a predictor of breast cancer mortality in a large cohort with more than 4.1 million years of follow-up, with a special focus on women who ...

    • Physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors in a 40- to 42-year-old rural Norwegian population from 1975–2010: repeated cross-sectional surveys 

      Solbraa, Ane; Holme, Ingar Morten K; Graff-Iversen, Sidsel; Resaland, Geir Kåre; Aadland, Eivind; Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2014)
      Background: Geographical differences in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have been observed among Norwegian counties. Better long-term health status and higher physical activity (PA) levels have been documented in the county of Sogn & Fjordane compared with other counties. However, recent trends in CVD risk factors have not been documented. The aim of this study was to investigate the secular trends ...

    • Clincal use of optical coherence tomography to identify angiographic silent stent thrombosis 

      Steigen, Sonja Eriksson; Holm, Niels R.; Butt, Noreen; Maeng, Michael; Otsuka, Fumiyuki; Virmani, Renu; Ladich, Elena; Steigen, Terje (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2014)
      Objectives. Patients previously treated with coronary stents may suffer an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) without any evidence of thrombus formation on coronary angiography (CAG). This may be due to partial, nonocclusive stent thrombosis with microembolization. In this paper, we illustrate possible mechanisms both with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and histology. Design. We present two cases ...

    • Betydelsen av teori- och metodutvecklingen inom historieskrivningen för undervisningen i ämnet teknikhistoria 

      Wråkberg, Urban (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 1990)

    • Multilocus sequence typing and ftsI sequencing: a powerful tool for surveillance of penicillin-binding protein 3-mediated beta-lactam resistance in nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae 

      Skaare, Dagfinn; Anthonisen, Inger Lill; Caugant, Dominique A; Jenkins, Andrew; Steinbakk, Martin; Strand, Linda; Sundsfjord, Arnfinn; Tveten, Yngvar; Kristiansen, Bjørn-Erik (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2014)
      Background Beta-lactam resistance in Haemophilus influenzae due to ftsI mutations causing altered penicillin-binding protein 3 (PBP3) is increasing worldwide. Low-level resistant isolates with the N526K substitution (group II low-rPBP3) predominate in most geographical regions, while high-level resistant isolates with the additional S385T substitution (group III high-rPBP3) are common in Japan ...

    • Motivasjon for internettbasert kognitiv atferdsterapi ved hjelp av konsultasjonsstøtte: en kvalitativ studie 

      Wilhelmsen, Maja; Lillevoll, Kjersti; Risør, Mette Bech; Høifødt, Ragnhild Sørensen; Johansen, May-Lill; Waterloo, Knut; Eisemann, Martin; Kolstrup, Nils (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2014)

    • ICESluvan, a 94-Kilobase Mosaic Integrative Conjugative Element Conferring Interspecies Transfer of VanB-Type Glycopeptide Resistance, a Novel Bacitracin Resistance Locus, and a Toxin- Antitoxin Stabilization System 

      Bjørkeng, Eva katrin; Hjerde, Erik; Pedersen, Torunn; Sundsfjord, Arnfinn; Hegstad, Kristin (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2013)
      A 94-kb integrative conjugative element (ICESluvan) transferable to Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis from an animal isolate of Streptococcus lutetiensis consists of a mosaic of genetic fragments from different Gram-positive bacteria. A variant of ICESluvan was confirmed in S. lutetiensis from a patient. A complete Tn5382/Tn1549 with a vanB2 operon is integrated into a streptococcal ...

    • Should chest examination be reinstated in the early diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? 

      Oshaug, Katja; Halvorsen, Peder Andreas; Melbye, Hasse (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2013)
      Background: Although proven to be associated with bronchial obstruction, chest signs are not listed among cues that should prompt spirometry in the early diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in established guidelines. Aims: We aimed to explore how chest findings add to respiratory symptoms and a history of smoking in the diagnosis of COPD. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, ...