In order to have a scaling description of the climate system that is not inherently non-stationary, the rapid shifts between stadials and interstadials during the last glaciation (the Dansgaard-Oeschger events) cannot be included in the scaling law. The same is true for the shifts between the glacial and interglacial states in the Quaternary climate. When these events are omitted from a scaling ...

Background: Previous studies have relied on international spirometry criteria to diagnose COPD in patients with lung cancer without considering the effect lung cancer might have on spirometric results. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of COPD and emphysema at the time of primary lung cancer diagnosis and to examine factors associated with survival. Materials and methods: Medical ...

We give a generalization of Kung’s theorem on critical exponents of linear codes over a finite field, in terms of sums of extended weight polynomials of linear codes. For all i=k+1,…,ni=k+1,…,n, we give an upper bound on the smallest integer m such that there exist m codewords whose union of supports has cardinality at least i.

To a matroid M with n edges, we associate the so-called facet ideal F(M)⊂k[x1,…,xn] , generated by monomials corresponding to bases of M. We show that when M is a graph, the Betti numbers related to an ℕ0-graded minimal free resolution of F(M) are determined by the Betti numbers related to the blocks of M. Similarly, we show that the higher weight hierarchy of M is determined by the weight hierarchies ...

FNs klimapanel har utarbeidet en rekke prognoser for økningen i global middeltemperatur basert på ulike scenarier for ­ut­vik­lingen av utslipp av drivhusgasser og partikler fra menneskelig aktivitet. Disse prognosene er i hovedsak basert på en lang rekke svært komplekse modeller. De mest komplekse, såkalte jordsystemmodeller, omfatter sirkulasjonen i atmosfære og hav, men også isdynamikk, og kjemiske ...

Abstract Wedemonstrate how the fundamental timescales of anthropogenic climate change limit the identification of societally relevant aspects of changes in precipitation.Weshow that it is nevertheless possible to extract, solely from observations, some confident quantified assessments of change at certain thresholds and locations. Maps of such changes, for a variety of hydrologically-relevant, ...

Multiple, linear regression is employed to attribute variability in the global surface temperature to various forcing components and prominent internal climatic modes. The purpose of the study is to assess how sensitive attribution is to long-range memory (LRM) in the model for the temperature response. The model response to a given forcing component is its fingerprint and is different for a zero ...