The non-transient plasma that is closest to Earth is found in the ionosphere at altitudes above approximately 60 km. It is observed either by ground-based, in-situ, or space-borne instrumentation and utilized to study and determine plasma phenomena and dynamics and the near-Earth space. Through active modification experiments, transmitting high-power, high-frequency radio waves into the ionospheric ...

The present thesis` main objective was to examine time-trends related to CBT as an anti-depressive treatment. A meta-analytic approach was the tool for such investigations, in which the formats of individual, group (GCBT), and mindfulness-based cognitive behavioral therapy (MCBT) were explored from a temporal point of view, and the results subsequently summarized in four articles. The meta-analyses ...

Utgangspunktet for mastergradsoppgaven vår er utvikling av relasjonskompetanse hos ledere som gjennomfører en formell lederutdanning. Hensikten med studien er å studere om medarbeidere opplever en endring av relasjonskompetansen hos lederen sin når denne har gjennomført en lederutdanning og hvordan denne endringen eventuelt oppleves. Forskningsmaterialet er samlet inn gjennom åpne intervju med tre ...

The time series cluster kernel (TCK) provides a powerful tool for analysing multivariate time series subject to missing data. TCK is designed using an ensemble learning approach in which Bayesian mixture models form the base models. Because of the Bayesian approach, TCK can naturally deal with missing values without resorting to imputation and the ensemble strategy ensures robustness to hyperparameters, ...

Introduction: Breast cancer in situ (BCIS) diagnoses, a precursor lesion for invasive breast cancer, comprise about 20 % of all breast cancers (BC) in countries with screening programs. Family history of BC is considered one of the strongest risk factors for BCIS.<p><p>Methods: To evaluate the association of BC susceptibility loci with BCIS risk, we genotyped 39 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), ...

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) remains a hot topic in management. Yet, little is known about how well managers, employees and consumers are responding to CSR initiatives to align with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Underpinned by well-established theories, this study develops a single integrative model of managers’, employees’ and consumers’ CSR. Data were collected from the ...

The hydration of phospholipids, electrospun into polymeric nanofibers and used as templates for liposome formation, offers pharmaceutical advantages as it avoids the storage of liposomes as aqueous dispersions. The objective of the present study was to electrospin and characterize amphiphilic nanofibers as templates for the preparation of antibiotic-loaded liposomes and compare this method with ...

Background: After seven decades of levothyroxine (LT4) replacement therapy, dosage adjustment still takes several months. We have developed a decision aid tool (DAT) that models LT4 pharmacometrics and enables patient-tailored dosage. The aim of this was to speed up dosage adjustments for patients after total thyroidectomy.<p> <p>Methods: The DAT computer program was developed with a group of 46 ...

<p><i>Background:</i> The Circle of Willis (CoW) is a circular structure of arteries in which most of the blood flowing to our brains pass through. The structure has primarily been regarded as important for its ability to redistribute blood flow in case of acute arterial occlusion, but may also have a role in dampening the pressure gradient in cerebral blood flow. The CoW anatomy also varies ...

Privatization of the ocean, in the sense of defining more exclusive property rights, is taking place in increasingly diverse ways. Because of more intensive and diversified use patterns and increasing sustainability challenges, it is likely that this process will continue into the future. We argue that the nature of privatization varies from one oceanic domain to another. We differentiate four ...