According to the UNHCR’s report Global Trends - Forced Displacement in 2018 (UNHCR, 2019) on changes in UNHCR’s population of concern related to ongoing crises, the number of refugees under UNHCR’s care is almost double that of 2012, with two thirds coming from just 5 countries. Furthermore it is stated that the total global refugee population under UNHCR’s mandate is now at the highest level ever ...

Bacterial multi-drug resistance is a major health problem worldwide. Inhibition of bacterial virulence is suggested to be a promising strategy in the development of new antibacterial drugs. The present work has focused on identifying new inhibitors of the bacterial virulence factors thermolysin (TLN), pseudolysin (PLN, LasB) and aureolysin (ALN), which are all zinc metalloproteases (MPs) using enzyme ...

The efficacy and controls governing glacial erosion over geological timescales are intricately linked yet remain poorly understood and contended. By assimilating geophysical data with modelling of the Eurasian Ice Sheet - the third largest Quaternary ice mass that spanned 49°N - 82°N - we decipher its erosional footprint during the last ~110 ka glacial cycle. Our results demonstrate extreme ...

While legal progress on indigenous land claims has recently been fostered around the globe, sea claims still lag behind. Since the beginning of colonization, the doctrine of mare nullius declared seas vacant of indigenous tenure or authority and led to the establishment of sovereign State jurisdiction over offshore areas, and more recently to the characterization of the living resources in these ...

This paper outlines the origin and development of the synthetic Perfect from Indo-Iranian, the reconstructed common ancestral stage of the Iranian and Indo-Aryan languages, to Vedic, the oldest attested stage of Old Indo-Aryan. Comparative evidence from Old Iranian, Homeric Greek and a number of other Indo-European languages shows that this morphological category ultimately stems from Proto-Indo-European. ...

1. Given the current rates of climate change, with associated shifts in herbivore population densities, understanding the role of different herbivores in ecosystem functioning is critical for predicting ecosystem responses. Here, we examined how migratory geese and resident, non-migratory reindeer—two dominating yet functionally contrasting herbivores—control vegetation and ecosystem processes in ...

Indo-Iranian in general and Old Indo-Aryan in particular is usually regarded as a morphosyntactically rather conservative branch of the Indo-European linguistic family. However, recent work (e.g. Cotticelli and Dahl Forthcoming) demonstrates that Early Vedic, the oldest attested variety of Old Indo-Aryan, shows a number of important innovations in its alignment system, including the establishing of ...

The GAP project is concerned with the lack of stakeholder participation in providing knowledge for management. This creates a legitimacy problem as the fishermen do not get to share the knowledge basis for and justification of management decisions. In addition, fishermen’s experience-based knowledge remains unused. GAP intends to bridge the legitimacy and knowledge gaps, finding practical ways for ...

In this discussion I want to focus the spotlight on what Historia Norwegiae (hereafter H.N.) reports on relations in the Far North, on the Sámi and on the interaction between Norwegians and Sámi, as well as additional peoples further to the east in the North Calotte.2 I shall concentrate on a summary of the peoples who were perceived, to a greater or lesser extent, as standing outside the Norse, ...