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A comprehensive review of monkeypox virus and mpox characteristics
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-03-06)Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is the etiological agent of monkeypox (mpox), a zoonotic disease. MPXV is endemic in the forested regions of West and Central Africa, but the virus has recently spread globally, causing outbreaks in multiple non-endemic countries. In this paper, we review the characteristics of the virus, including its ecology, genomics, infection biology, and evolution. We estimate ... -
An overview of autosomal STRs and identity SNPs in a Norwegian population using massively parallel sequencing
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-05-03)In recent years, probabilistic genotyping software has been adapted for the analysis of massively parallel sequencing (MPS) forensic data. Likelihood ratios (LR) are based on allele frequencies selected from populations of interest. This study provides an outline of sequence-based (SB) allele frequencies for autosomal short tandem repeats (aSTRs) and identity single nucleotide polymorphisms ... -
Liver sinusoidal cells eliminate blood-borne phage K1F
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-02-28)Phage treatment has regained attention due to an increase in multiresistant bacteria. For phage therapy to be successful, phages must reach their target bacteria in sufficiently high numbers. Blood-borne phages are believed to be captured by macrophages in the liver and spleen. Since liver sinusoids also consist of specialized scavenger liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and Kupffer ... -
Quality, availability and suitability of antimicrobial stewardship guidance: a multinational qualitative study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-03-14)Background: Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programmes are established across the world to treat infections efficiently, prioritize patient safety, and reduce the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. One of the core elements of AMS programmes is guidance to support and direct physicians in making efficient, safe and optimal decisions when prescribing antibiotics. To optimize and tailor AMS, we ... -
Comprehensive virulence profiling and evolutionary analysis of specificity determinants in Staphylococcus aureus two-component systems
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-03-12)n the Staphylococcus aureus genome, a set of highly conserved two-component systems (TCSs) composed of histidine kinases (HKs) and their cognate response regulators (RRs) sense and respond to environmental stimuli, which drive the adaptation of the bacteria. This study investigates the complex interplay between TCSs in S. aureus USA300, a predominant methicillin-resistant S. aureus strain, revealing ... -
Interactions between commensal Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus lactis and clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecium
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-03-09)Enterococcus faecium (Efm) is a versatile pathogen, responsible for multidrug-resistant infections, especially in hospitalized immuno compromised patients. Its population structure has been characterized by diverse clades (A1, A2, and B (reclassified as E. lactis (Ela)), adapted to different environments, and distinguished by their resistomes and virulomes. These features only partially explain ... -
Whole genome sequencing of recombinant viruses obtained from co-infection and superinfection of Vero cells with modified vaccinia virus ankara vectored influenza vaccine and a naturally occurring cowpox virus
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-04-03)Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) has been widely tested in clinical trials as recombinant vector vaccine against infectious diseases and cancers in humans and animals. However, one biosafety concern about the use of MVA vectored vaccine is the potential for MVA to recombine with naturally occurring orthopoxviruses in cells and hosts in which it multiplies poorly and, therefore, producing ... -
Gentamicin bør fortsatt inngå i empirisk sepsisregime hos voksne
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2024-02-26)Kombinasjonen av et smalspektret betalaktamantibiotikum og aminoglykosid bør fortsatt være førstevalg i norske retningslinjer som empirisk antibiotikabehandling av de fleste alvorlige infeksjoner. -
FilmArray (BCID2) provides essential and timely results in bloodstream infections in small acute care hospitals without conventional microbiology services
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-01-12)We have evaluated the performance of FilmArray BCID2 in reactive blood cultures in a small acute care hospital compared to conventional diagnostics at a regional microbiological laboratory. This is a retrospective observational study of BactAlert reactive blood cultures (n = 160) from Helgeland Hospital, July–December 2021, analysed by BCID2 locally and conventional culture at a regional laboratory. ... -
The greatest contribution to medical science is the transformation from studying symptoms to studying their causes—the unrelenting legacy of Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur—and a causality perspective to approach a definition of SLE
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2024-02-01)The basic initiative related to this study is derived from the fact that systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a unique and fertile system science subject. We are, however, still far from understanding its nature. It may be fair to indicate that we are spending more time and resources on studying the complexity of classified SLE than studying the validity of classification criteria. This study ... -
Metaproteomics of Gut Fungi in Gnotobiotic Mice
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2024-06-29)Intestinal fungi are a fundamental component of the gut microbiome and play important roles in mammalian host biology. At the same time, the contribution of gut fungi to host health and disease remains understudied due to their low abundance. In that respect, gnotobiotic animals with defined microbial populations of reduced complexity represent a well-suited model system that highlights the effects ... -
Improving and utilizing functional in vitro cAMP assay in pursuit to discover allosteric modulators of the GABAB receptor
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2021-07-05)The GABAergic system is the main inhibitory neuronal system utilized within the central nervous system (CNS). γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the fundamental neurotransmitter which transmit inhibitory signals through GABA receptors, the ionotropic GABAA and GABAC receptors; and the metabotropic G-protein coupled receptor GABAB receptor. Disruption of this system is associated with a range of psychiatric ... -
Antibiotikaresistens – historien om da bakteriene slo tilbake
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-06-06)Bakterier er dynamiske organismer som gjennom sin plastisitet og kontinuerlige tilpasning til omgivelsene illustrerer evolusjon gjennom naturlig utvalg og «survival of the fittest». Økt forekomst av antibiotikaresistens er et naturlig og forventet svar på utstrakt bruk av antibiotika. Dette forklarer hvorfor historien om utvikling og utbredelse av antibiotika følges av en parallell historie: ... -
Biogeographical Ancestry Analyses Using the ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep Kit and Multiple Prediction Tools
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2024-04-18)The inference of biogeographical ancestry (BGA) can assist in police investigations of serious crime cases and help to identify missing people and victims of mass disasters. In this study, we evaluated the typing performance of 56 ancestry-informative SNPs in 177 samples using the ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep Kit on the MiSeq FGx system. Furthermore, we compared the prediction accuracy of the tools ... -
Long term 2D-culture of primary mouse liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC)
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2023-05-31)Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) are unique and specialized cell type with high endocytic activity of bloodborne waste macromolecules. LSEC lack basal lamina and present a unique structural feature called fenestrations, which facilitate passive filtering and exchange of nutrients with other liver cells. Developing LSEC cell lines is challenging with regards to preserving their morphology ... -
Co-culturing with Streptococcus anginosus alters Staphylococcus aureus transcriptome when exposed to tonsillar cells
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2024-01-25)<p><i>Introduction:</i> Improved understanding of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> throat colonization in the presence of other co-existing microbes is important for mapping <i>S. aureus</i> adaptation to the human throat, and recurrence of infection. Here, we explore the responses triggered by the encounter between two common throat bacteria, <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>Streptococcus anginosus</i>, to ... -
Periodontitis is associated with decreased experimental pressure pain tolerance: The Tromsø Study 2015–2016
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-03-01)Aim - To assess the relationship between periodontitis and experimental pain tolerance.<p> <p>Materials and Methods - Participants from the population-based seventh survey of the Tromsø Study with data on periodontitis were included (n = 3666, 40–84 years old, 51.6% women). Pain tolerance was assessed through (i) pressure pain tolerance (PPT) test with a computerized cuff pressure algometry on ... -
Moving sperm forward
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2023-05-26)Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate a manual sperm sorting method (Swim-up) and a non-invasive microfluidics method (Zymot microfluidics) with emphasis on formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA fragmentation as objective measurements of spermatozoa quality. Standard phase contrast imaging of spermatozoa was compared with quantitative phase contrast microscopy (QPM) ... -
Characterization of extracellular vesicles from U-2OS15E, a human osteosarcoma cell line persistently infected by BK polyomavirus
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2021-05-25)The human polyomavirus BKPyV infects most people worldwide and establishes a lifelong persistent infection in the renourinary tract. The virus rarely gives symptoms in healthy people, but it can cause severe disease under certain immunocompromised states. Despite its high prevalence, our knowledge about how the virus evades host immunity and persists still poor. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) ... -
4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide-induced oral epithelial lesions exhibit time- and stage-dependent changes in the tumor immune microenvironment
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-05-15)Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) is the most common cancer of the oral cavity and is associated with high morbidity due to local invasion and lymph node metastasis. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are associated with good prognosis in oral cancer patients and dictate response to treatment. Ectopic sites for immune activation in tumors, known as tertiary lymphoid structures ...
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