European-Russian-Chinese Arctic Energy System

Abstract

The Yamal LNG and Arctic LNG 2 projects have set an example of successful cooperation between French, Russian, and Chinese private enterprises. A new energy system that has longterm consequences for European-Russian-Chinese relations. In this chapter, we discuss how Russian Arctic LNG (liquified natural gas) links China and Europe in a global energy network of natural gas trade, and what role it plays in a transition of the world system from unipolarity to a loose biopolarity. We analyze geopolitical, geo-economic, and geo-strategic factors of the development of the new energy system. Our core argument is that the new European-RussianChinese Arctic energy system challenges the unipolar world order and American leadership. This research combines the results of theoretical and field research conducted in Russia, China, Northern Europe, and France.