Fluctuation-induced plasma–wall interactions is a major concern for the next generation, high duty-cycle magnetic confinement fusion devices. The turbulence is generated in the outboard midplane transition region between the confined core plasma and the scrape-off layer where magnetic field lines intersect material walls. Here, filaments of hot and dense plasma, elongated in the field direction, ...

Enzymes are protein molecules that accelerate, or “catalyze”, specific chemical reactions. The reacting molecules, or substrates, bind to the enzyme which then enables their effective conversion into different product molecules. Virtually all metabolic processes in the cell need enzymes to occur at speeds fast enough to maintain life. The kinases are a large group of phosphotransferases, i.e. enzymes ...

The formation of metal and mineral deposits is closely related to the tectonic setting in which they form. Structures create avenues of net permeability that allow ore-bearing fluids to transport and deposit mineralization. In a deeper crustal setting these structures can be ductile shear zones, while brittle faults and fractures are the dominant fluid pathways in the upper continental crust. This ...

Protein kinases are involved in many essential cellular processes, and are regulated in a dynamic manner by the movement of domains or motifs via interaction with various proteins and substrates. Protein kinase deregulation can lead to a variety of diseases, including cancer and diabetes. Protein kinase A (PKA) has been a prototype to study the entire family, including for studies in drug discovery ...

Denne avhandlingen omfatter studier av utbredelse og evolusjon av fluid migrasjonssystemer og gasshydrater i SV Barentshavet og nordlige Nordsjøen. Avhandlingen er basert på tolkning av seismiske og brønndata og numerisk modelling av hydratstabiliteten. Store fluid lekkasjestrukturer forekommer i SV Barentshavet og viser kobling mot de store tektoniske forkastningssytemene. Det er trolig istidene ...

<p>Super-resolution optical microscopy (SRM) holds great promise for the advancement of life sciences, unlocking the secrets of the minute machinery composing living organisms. While broadly accepted in cell biology, the existing SRM methods haven’t effectively breached relevant fields such as histological practice, mainly due to the complexity, elevated costs, limited throughput, and incompatibility ...

The efficiency of bacteria in acquiring resistance for their survival ensures a never-ending war against resistance. The only tactic to curtail the resistance crisis is to keep pace with it, e.g. by continuous development of new antibiotics with activity against resistant bacteria or revival of existing agents by inhibiting the mechanisms of resistance. β-lactams are the largest and most widely used ...

Despite important developments in synthetic corrole chemistry, the field has long been handicapped by the lack of procedures for demetalation of metallocorroles. This thesis presents general demetalation methods for metallocorroles. A reductive demetalation method was developed using concentrated H2SO4 with 5-200 equivalent of FeCl2 or SnCl2 as a reducing agent. The method proved to be quite general ...

In this thesis we study how to characterize nonstationary harmonizable random processes simultaneously in time and frequency. Unlike stationary random processes, harmonizable processes can have a frequency content that changes with time. Rather than working directly with the process itself, we analyze the second-order moment functions of the process and characterize the process from these moments. ...