Institutt for klinisk medisin: Recent submissions
Now showing items 661-680 of 1804
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Hippocampal growth hormone modulates relational memory and the dendritic spine density in CA1
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-02)Growth hormone (GH) deficiency is associated with cognitive decline which occur both in normal aging and in endocrine disorders. Several brain areas express receptors for GH although their functional role is unclear. To determine how GH affects the capacity for learning and memory by specific actions in one of the key areas, the hippocampus, we injected recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) ... -
Global Characterisation of Coagulopathy in Isolated Traumatic Brain Injury (iTBI): A CENTER-TBI Analysis
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-12-11)<i>Background</i> - Trauma-induced coagulopathy in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with high rates of complications, unfavourable outcomes and mortality. The mechanism of the development of TBI-associated coagulopathy is poorly understood.<br><br> <i>Methods</i> - This analysis, embedded in the prospective, multi-centred, observational Collaborative European NeuroTrauma ... -
Endotoxin removal in septic shock with the Alteco LPS Adsorber was safe but showed no benefit compared to placebo in the double-blind randomized controlled trial - the Asset Study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-08)<i>Purpose</i>: Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are presumed to contribute to the inflammatory response in sepsis. We investigated if extracorporeal Alteco LPS Adsorber for LPS removal in early gram-negative septic shock was feasible and safe. Also, effects on endotoxin level, inflammatory response, and organ function were assessed.<br><br> <i>Methods</i>: A pilot, double-blinded, randomized, Phase ... -
Cytomegalovirus-SpecificImmunoglobulin G is associated with chronic lung disease in children and adolescents from sub-Saharan Africa with perinatal HIV infection
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-11-26)In a cross-sectional study of 296 children and adolescents from Zimbabwe living with perinatal human immunodeficiency virus, individuals with the top tertile of cytomegalovirus-specific immunoglobulin G titer had an increased odds of chronic lung disease (odds ratio, 3.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.37–8.85; P = .010). -
GARP promotes the proliferation and therapeutic resistance of bone sarcoma cancer cells through the activation of TGF-beta
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-11-17)Sarcomas are mesenchymal cancers with poor prognosis, representing about 20% of all solid malignancies in children, adolescents, and young adults. Radio- and chemoresistance are common features of sarcomas warranting the search for novel prognostic and predictive markers. GARP/LRRC32 is a TGF-β-activating protein that promotes immune escape and dissemination in various cancers. However, if GARP ... -
Differences between Men and Women in Treatment and Outcome after Traumatic Brain Injury
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-10-19)Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant cause of disability, but little is known about sex and gender differences after TBI. We aimed to analyze the association between sex/gender, and the broad range of care pathways, treatment characteristics, and outcomes following mild and moderate/severe TBI. We performed mixed-effects regression analyses in the prospective multi-center Collaborative ... -
Sigma-1 receptor positron emission tomography: A new molecular imaging approach using (S)-(-)-[18F]fluspidine in glioblastoma
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-05-06)Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most devastating primary brain tumour characterised by infiltrative growth and resistance to therapies. According to recent research, the sigma-1 receptor (sig1R), an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone protein, is involved in signaling pathways assumed to control the proliferation of cancer cells and thus could serve as candidate for molecular characterisation of ... -
Prehospital tourniquets in civilians: A systematic review
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-11-03)Objectives: Terrorist attacks and civilian mass-casualty events are frequent, and some countries have implemented tourniquet use for uncontrollable extremity bleeding in civilian settings. The aim of this study was to summarize current knowledge on the use of prehospital tourniquets to assess whether their use increases the survival rate in civilian patients with life-threatening hemorrhages from ... -
Are the Relationships of Lean Mass and Fat Mass With Bone Microarchitecture Causal or Due to Familial Confounders? A Novel Study of Adult Female Twin Pairs
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-07-01)It is not known whether the relationships of lean mass (LM) and fat mass (FM) with bone microarchitecture and geometry are causal and/or are because of confounders, including familial confounders arising from genetic and environment effects shared by relatives. We tested the hypotheses that: (i) LM is associated with cortical bone traits, (ii) FM is associated with trabecular bone traits, and (iii) ... -
Evaluating a centralised cancer support centre in the remote region of Northern Norway
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-09-20)Introduction: Being diagnosed with cancer and undergoing treatment is a life-changing experience, and many cancer patients find the physical, emotional and social effects of the disease to be stressful. This study explores the experiences of cancer patients and their relatives from all parts of Northern Norway visiting the centralised cancer support centre. <p> <p>Methods: In a comprehensive ... -
Choice of immunoassay to evaluate porcine cytokine levels
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-10-06)<i>Background</i> - In order to adequately monitor cytokines in experimental models, currently available methods and commercially available kits should be compared.<br><br> <i>Aim</i> - To compare the plasma and tissue concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF as a measure of systemic inflammation in septic pigs.<br><br> <i>Methods</i> - Cytokines were quantified from blood and tissue ... -
STudy of Antithrombotic Treatment after IntraCerebral Haemorrhage: Protocol for a randomised controlled trial
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-09-03)Background and aims - Many patients with prior intracerebral haemorrhage have indications for antithrombotic treatment with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs for prevention of ischaemic events, but it is uncertain whether such treatment is beneficial after intracerebral haemorrhage. STudy of Antithrombotic Treatment after IntraCerebral Haemorrhage will assess (i) the effects of long-term antithrombotic ... -
Intestinal inflammatory profile shows increase in a diversity of biomarkers in irritable bowel syndrome
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-04-24)Background: It has been proposed that irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a low-grade mucosal inflammatory disease. <p> <p>Objective: To characterize the intestinal inflammatory profile in IBS patients with or without fructose intolerance.<p> <p>Design: Patients referred to colonoscopy with IBS complaints were screened for participation. IBS patients diagnosed according to the Rome II criteria ... -
Tracking of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D during 21 years
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-12-11)Background/objectives - Our objective was to evaluate the degree of tracking for serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] over time, by using data from three previously conducted surveys of the Tromsø study collected in the years 1994/1995 (Tromsø 4), 2007/2008 (Tromsø 6), and 2015/2016 (Tromsø 7).<p> <p>Subjects/methods - Subjects with valid 25(OH)D measurements in all three surveys were ... -
Provider decision regret - a useful method for analysis of palliative thoracic re-irradiation for lung cancer?
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-01-30)Background - The overall usefulness of palliative thoracic re-irradiation depends on the balance between efficacy, survival, and toxicity, and is difficult to judge from previous studies. In the absence of patient-reported data, we developed a method for provider decision regret that addresses the question “would we re-irradiate this patient again in light of the known outcome?” Furthermore, we ... -
Symptom burden in patients with oligometastases at the start of palliative radiotherapy
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-03-04)Background/Aim: Recent studies suggested that patients with oligometastases have a better prognosis compared with those who have widespread dissemination. In both groups, radiotherapy is a commonly applied treatment. Patient-reported symptoms might depend on the burden of disease. Possibly, oligometastatic patients report lower scores for symptoms, such as fatigue or reduced appetite, which tend to ... -
Long-term survival results after treatment for oligometastatic brain disease
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-03-04)Aim - The aim of this study was to characterize the survival results of patients with up to four brain metastases after intense local therapy (primary surgery or stereotactic radiotherapy) if extracranial metastases were absent or limited to one site, e.g. the lungs.<p> <p>Background - Oligometastatic disease has repeatedly been reported to convey a favorable prognosis.<p> <p>Material and ... -
Direct angiography demonstrates equal 8-12 years patency rates of radial artery and saphenous vein grafts
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-06-30)Objectives: The benefits of coronary artery bypass surgery depend on lasting graft patency. To aid rational graft selection, the relative long-term merits of radial artery and saphenous vein grafts need to be determined by a gold standard method and with minimal clinically driven selection bias. Methods: The patency rates of various conduits were determined by direct angiography in 76 patients from ... -
No significant histological or ultrastructural tendinosis changes in the hamstring tendon in patients with mild to moderate osteoarthritis of the knee?
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-06-05)Purpose - To investigate the periarticular degenerative changes of the knee joint in association with osteoarthritis (OA). More tendinosis was expected to be found in the semitendinosus tendon in patients with knee OA than in patients without knee OA.<p> <p>Methods - Samples from 41 patients were included between January 2016 and October 2017. Twenty-one patients median age 53 (33–63) years with ... -
Atrial fibrillation, venous thromboembolism, ischemic stroke, and all-cause mortality: The Tromsø study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-07-06)Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke and all‐cause mortality. Patients with AF are also at increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), but information on how AF impacts VTE‐related mortality is scarce. Objectives - To investigate the impact of AF on all‐cause mortality in subjects with and without a thromboembolic event (VTE or ischemic ...