Institutt for medisinsk biologi: Nye registreringer
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Detection of phenotype-specific therapeutic vulnerabilities in breast cells using a CRISPR loss-of-function screen
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-03-24)Cellular phenotype plasticity between the epithelial and mesenchymal states has been linked to metastasis and heterogeneous responses to cancer therapy, and remains a challenge for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Here, we used isogenic human breast epithelial cell lines, D492 and D492M, representing the epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes, respectively. We employed a CRISPR-Cas9 ... -
Optimization of biomarkers for morphological analysis of healthy and preeclamptic term human placental tissue sections using advanced fluorescence microscopy methods
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2021-07-01)Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-related disorder affecting 5-8% of women worldwide (4% in Norway). It is believed that placental ischemia is the initial event in the development of PE and is characterized by placental insufficiency and clinical symptoms such as hypertension and proteinuria. In this project, we aimed to study suitable biomarkers for morphological analysis of human term placenta from ... -
High expression of miR-17-5p in tumor epithelium is a predictor for poor prognosis for prostate cancer patients
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-07-05)MicroRNAs (miRs) are small non-coding RNA molecules, which are involved in the development of various malignancies, including prostate cancer (PCa). miR-17-5p is considered the most prominent member of the miR-17-92 cluster, with an essential regulatory function of fundamental cellular processes. In many malignancies, up-regulation of miR-17-5p is associated with worse outcome. In PCa, miR-17-5p has ... -
Treatment of cardiovascular dysfunction with PDE5-inhibitors - temperature dependent effects on transport and metabolism of cAMP and cGMP
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-07-30)<i>Introduction</i>: Cardiovascular dysfunction is a potentially lethal complication of hypothermia. Due to a knowledge gap, pharmacological interventions are not recommended at core temperatures below 30°C. Yet, further cooling is induced in surgical procedures and survival of accidental hypothermia is reported after rewarming from below 15°C, advocating a need for evidence-based treatment guidelines. ... -
Role of Virus-Induced Host Cell Epigenetic Changes in Cancer
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-08-03)The tumor viruses human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) account for approximately 15% of all human cancers. Although the oncoproteins of these tumor viruses display no sequence similarity to one ... -
Oral health and use of dental services in different stages of adulthood in Norway: a cross sectional study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-05-13)<i>Background</i> - Socioeconomic status and oral health care habits may change throughout adult life. This calls for age-stratified analyses of oral health in the adult population to uncover differences that could be of importance for organizing adequate oral health care services. The aim of the present study was to describe self-reported oral health in different age groups in a general adult ... -
Risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or higher (CIN3+) among women with HPV-test in 1990–1992, a 30-year follow-up study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-06-22)<i>Background/objective</i> - Having a 30-year follow-up of a cohort of women tested for HPV is a unique opportunity to further study long-term risk of CIN3+. The study objective was to compare HPV status at baseline with the risk of CIN3+ in the follow-up period of 30 years.<br><br> <i>Methods</i> - All women (n = 642) referred to the HPV outpatient clinic at the University Hospital of North ... -
Multiscale and Multimodal Optical Imaging of the Ultrastructure of Human Liver Biopsies
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-02-17)The liver as the largest organ in the human body is composed of a complex macroscopic and microscopic architecture that supports its indispensable function to maintain physiological homeostasis. Optical imaging of the human liver is particularly challenging because of the need to cover length scales across 7 orders of magnitude (from the centimeter scale to the nanometer scale) in order to fully ... -
The prognostic effect of KRAS mutations in non-small cell lung carcinoma revisited: A norwegian multicentre study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-08-26)Background: due to emerging therapeutics targeting KRAS G12C and previous reports with conflicting results regarding the prognostic impact of KRAS and KRAS G12C in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we aimed to investigate the frequency of KRAS mutations and their associations with clinical characteristics and outcome. Since mutation subtypes have different preferences for downstream pathways, we ... -
Exploring Klebsiella pneumoniae in Healthy Poultry Reveals High Genetic Diversity, Good Biofilm-Forming Abilities and Higher Prevalence in Turkeys Than Broilers
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-09-07)Klebsiella pneumoniae is a well-studied human pathogen for which antimicrobial resistant and hypervirulent clones have emerged globally. K. pneumoniae is also present in a variety of environmental niches, but currently there is a lack of knowledge on the occurrence and characteristics of K. pneumoniae from non-human sources. Certain environmental niches, e.g., animals, may be associated with high ... -
Reciprocal transactivation of Merkel cell polyomavirus and high-risk human papillomavirus promoter activities and increased expression of their oncoproteins
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-07-03)<i>Background</i> - Approximately 15% of human cancers are attributed to viruses. Numerous studies have shown that high-risk human polyomaviruses (HR-HPV) and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) are two human tumor viruses associated with anogenetal and oropharyngeal cancers, and with Merkel cell carcinoma, respectively. MCPyV has been found in HR-HPV positive anogenetal and oropharyngeal tumors, ... -
Validation of Selected Head and Neck Cancer Prognostic Markers from the Pathology Atlas in an Oral Tongue Cancer Cohort
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-05-14)The Pathology Atlas is an open-access database that reports the prognostic value of protein-coding transcripts in 17 cancers, including head and neck cancer. However, cancers of the various head and neck anatomical sites are specific biological entities. Thus, the aim of the present study was to validate promising prognostic markers for head and neck cancer reported in the Pathology Atlas in oral ... -
Burden, antibiotic resistance, and clonality of shigella spp. Implicated in community-acquired acute diarrhoea in Lilongwe, Malawi
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-04-28)Although numerous studies have investigated diarrhoea aetiology in many sub-Saharan African countries, recent data on <i>Shigella</i> species’ involvement in community-acquired acute diarrhoea (CA-AD) in Malawi are scarce. This study investigated the incidence, antibiotic susceptibility profile, genotypic characteristics, and clonal relationships of <i>Shigella flexneri</i> among 243 patients ... -
The global dissemination of hospital clones of Enterococcus faecium
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-03-30)<i>Background</i> - The hospital-adapted A1 group of <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> remains an organism of significant concern in the context of drug-resistant hospital-associated infections. How this pathogen evolves and disseminates remains poorly understood.<br><br> <i>Methods</i> - A large, globally representative collection of short-read genomic data from the hospital-associated A1 group of ... -
Gastrointestinal carriage of Klebsiella pneumoniae in a general adult population: a cross-sectional study of risk factors and bacterial genomic diversity
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-06-28)Antibiotic resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> is a leading public health threat and gastrointestinal carriage is an established risk factor for subsequent infections during hospitalization. Our study contributes new knowledge of risk factors for gastrointestinal carriage and the genomic population structure of <i>K. pneumoniae</i> colonizing humans in a representative sample of a general population ... -
Proteomic analyses identify major vault protein as a prognostic biomarker for fatal prostate cancer
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-02-20)The demographic shift toward an older population will increase the number of prostate cancer cases. A challenge in the treatment of prostate cancer is to avoid undertreatment of patients at high risk of progression following curative treatment. These men can benefit from early salvage treatment. An explorative cohort consisting of tissue from 16 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy, and were ... -
Spatial differentiation of metabolism in prostate cancer tissue by MALDI-TOF MSI
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-01-29)Background - Prostate cancer tissues are inherently heterogeneous, which presents a challenge for metabolic profiling using traditional bulk analysis methods that produce an averaged profile. The aim of this study was therefore to spatially detect metabolites and lipids on prostate tissue sections by using mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), a method that facilitates molecular imaging of heterogeneous ... -
The Regulatory Relationship between E2F4 and MiRNA-363, and it’s Relevance to Oral Cancer
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2020-08-14)BACKGROUND Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of head and neck cancer and persists a leading cause of cancer associated mortality and morbidity universally. Survival rate is still poor at less than 50% urging the need for biomarkers to allow better diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic strategies. In this study we focus on E2F4, a repressor of cell cycle, and further propose ... -
Novel genomic islands and a new vanDsubtype in the first sporadic VanD-type vancomycin resistant enterococci in Norway
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-07-23)Background - Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) represent several types of transferable vancomycin resistance gene clusters. The vanD type, associated with moderate to high level vancomycin resistance, has only sporadically been described in clinical isolates. The aim of this study was to perform a genetic characterization of the first VanD-type VRE strains detected in Norway.<p> <p>Methods ... -
Quantum Dot Nanomedicine Formulations Dramatically Improve Pharmacological Properties and Alter Uptake Pathways of Metformin and Nicotinamide Mononucleotide in Aging Mice
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-02-24)Orally administered Ag<sub>2</sub>S quantum dots (QDs) rapidly cross the small intestine and are taken up by the liver. Metformin and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) target metabolic and aging processes within the liver. This study examined the pharmacology and toxicology of QD-based nanomedicines as carriers of metformin and NMN in young and old mice, determining if their therapeutic potency and ...