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norskDet helsevitenskapelige fakultet: Recent submissions
Now showing items 1-20 of 6880
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Is the ongoing obesity epidemic partly explained by concurrent decline in cigarette smoking? Insights from a longitudinal population study. The Tromsø Study 1994–2016
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-03-23)<p>The increase of obesity coincides with a substantial decrease in cigarette smoking. We assessed post-cessation weight change and its contribution to the obesity epidemic in a general population in Norway. A total of 14,453 participants (52.6% women), aged 25–54 years in 1994, who attended at least two of four surveys in the Tromsø Study between 1994 and 2016, were included in the analysis. Hereof ... -
Cerebral blood flow measurements with 15O-water PET using a non-invasive machine-learning-derived arterial input function
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-02-08)<p>Cerebral blood flow (CBF) can be measured with dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) of <sup>15</sup>O-labeled water by using tracer kinetic modelling. However, for quantification of regional CBF, an arterial input function (AIF), obtained from arterial blood sampling, is required. In this work we evaluated a novel, non-invasive approach for input function prediction based on machine learning ... -
Molar - Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) and long - term exposure to 25 - hydroxyvitamin D, measured as Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in adolescents from Northern Norway: an epidemiological study based on the Tromsø study: “Fit Futures”
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2020-05-20)Aims: The basis of the study was to evaluate if MIH could be related to low levels of vitamin D. Vitamin D is understood to have a key role in both enamel and dentin formation, and maturation, in addition to skeletal integrity. BMD could give a clue of the participants’ long - term vitamin D exposure, indirectly giving a reflection of a possible vitamin D impact on enamel mineralization. Materials ... -
Valg av kronemateriale for posteriore konstruksjoner blant offentlige tannleger ved universitetstannklinikker i Norge - En spørreundersøkelsesbasert studie
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2020-05-18)Hensikten med masteroppgaven er å få et innblikk i hvilke faktorer som påvirker valg av kronemateriale blant tannleger ansatt på offentlige klinikker, tilknyttet Universitet i Tromsø. Oppgaven fokuserer på posteriore, single kroner, og hva tannlegene vektlegger når de velger materiale. Når tannleger velger kronematerial, så kan flere faktorer påvirke valget, for eksempel antall praktiserende år, ... -
Pre- and post-diagnostic blood profiles of chlorinated persistent organic pollutants and metabolic markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus cases and controls; a pilot study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-02-09)Objective - Several risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are also associated with blood concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and factors related to the disease may affect POP concentrations, and subsequent associations between POPs and T2DM. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the change in concentrations of lipids, hormones and POPs pre- and post-diagnosis ... -
Covid-19-related misinformation on social media: a systematic review
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-03-19)Objective - To review misinformation related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on social media during the first phase of the pandemic and to discuss ways of countering misinformation.<p> <p>Methods - We searched PubMed®, Scopus, Embase®, PsycInfo and Google Scholar databases on 5 May 2020 and 1 June 2020 for publications related to COVID-19 and social media which dealt with misinformation ... -
Physical capability, physical activity, and their association with femoral bone mineral density in adults aged 40 years and older: The Tromsø study 2015–2016
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-04-16)Summary: Since muscles can influence bone growth and vice versa, we examined if level of physical activity and physical capability tests can predict areal bone mineral density (aBMD). Both high activity level and good test performance were associated with higher aBMD, especially in women. <p> <p>Introduction: Muscle influences bone formation and vice versa. Tests of physical capability and level ... -
Da laben hun tilhører stengte dørene, flyttet Solveig babyforskningen sin til Zoom
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-02-08)Det så mørkt ut for Solveig Flatebøs doktorgradsarbeid da Norge erklærte unntakstilstand i mars i fjor. Så fikk hun en idé som gjorde forskningen mye lettere å gjennomføre. -
Complete Genome Sequences of 12 Quinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains Containing qnrS1 Based on Hybrid Assemblies
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-01-28)In total, 12 quinolone-resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> (QREC) strains containing <i>qnrS1</i> were submitted to long-read sequencing using a FLO-MIN106 flow cell on a MinION device. The long reads were assembled with short reads (Illumina) and analyzed using the MOB-suite pipeline. Six of these QREC genome sequences were closed after hybrid assembly. -
Clinical Lipidomics: Effects of Vitamin D in Human Adipose Tissue
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2021-05-10)Vitamin D is vital for calcium homeostasis and skeletal health, has immunomodulatory effects and is involved in the regulation of differentiation and proliferation of many different cell types. Adipose tissue is an important metabolic organ and a major organ for vitamin D storage. Though, the role of vitamin D and its function in adipose tissue is not fully explored. This thesis applies a solvent ... -
Molecular modelling of interactions between antipsychotic drugs and receptors mediating antipsychotic effects and important side effects
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2021-05-10)Dopamine and serotonin are two neurotransmitters that exert their actions through mediation of dopaminergic and serotonergic receptors respectively. The receptors in focus in the current study, are the dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT2A receptors. Common for both receptors is that they are class A G-protein-coupled receptors consisting of seven transmembrane helices embedded in the lipid membrane of ... -
Mest meningsfylte dager. En kvalitativ oppgave om sykepleieres opplevelse av eget arbeid i Psykisk helse og TSB
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2020-06-09)Tema: Arbeidet til sykepleiere i feltet Psykisk helse og TSB Metode: Kvalitativ forskningsmetode, der semistrukturerte intervju ble utført. I utførelsen var det brukt lydopptak, som senere ble transkribert. Analyse: Malteruds (2017) STC Hensikten med studien var å få et innblikk i sykepleiere opplevelse av eget arbeid, når de arbeidet på en sengepost i spesialisthelsetjenesten. Resultatene viste at ... -
Forskningsfeltet innvandrerhelse i Norge – en litteraturstudie
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2019-06-05)Innledning: Migrasjon er relatert til helse i et komplekst samspill. Det er utfordringer knyttet til enkelte helseproblemer og til tilgjengelighet av helsetjenester for enkelte innvandrere. Forskningsaktiviteten innen innvandrerhelse er økende, men veksten er ustrukturert. Økt fokus kan videreføre arbeidet for likeverdige helsetjenester på en evidensbasert måte hvis forskningsfeltet systematiseres. ... -
Potential candidates for ECPR in the catchment area of the University hospital in North Norway
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2019-06-03)Introduction: Some studies report increased survival from out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR), but the survival rates vary and heterogeneous study populations complicate comparison between studies. Aim: The purpose of this study was to find potential ECPR candidates among all OHCA cases in the catchment area of the University Hospital of ... -
En perioperativ infusjon av GLP-1 forbedrer perifer insulinsensitivitet etter kirurgi
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2018-06-03)Bakgrunn: Postoperativ insulinresistens er assosiert med flere komplikasjoner, og behandling reduserer risiko. Inkretin-analogen GLP-1 forbedrer glykemisk kontroll, uten risiko for skadelig hypoglykemi, og kan potensielt øke postoperativ insulinsensitivitet i perifert vev samt redusere hepatisk glukoseutskillelse. Vi ønsket å finne ut av om en perioperativ infusjon av GLP-1 forbedrer insulinsensitiviteten ... -
Hvordan radiologiske undersøkelser påvirker pasientflyt i akuttmottaket – en studie før og etter innføring av overlege i akuttmottak
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2019-06-02)Innledning: Ventetid på radiologiske undersøkelser er en viktig årsak til store deler av ventetiden i akuttmottaket. Overfylte akuttmottak er et problem i hele verden, og å øke den legefaglige kompetansen i akuttmottaket er et tiltak som har vist seg å være nyttig i andre land. Det er derimot ingen som har sett på hva det spesifikt har gjort med ventetidene til radiologiske undersøkelser. Metode: ... -
Natalizumab ved Multippel Sklerose. Praksis og erfaring fra Nevrologisk avdeling, Nordlandssykehuset i Bodø
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2019-06-02)Bakgrunn: Natalizumab (Tysabri®) er et immunmodulerende legemiddel som brukes som behandling mot multippel sklerose (MS). Det tilbys vanligvis som andrelinjebehandling, men enkelte pasienter med aggressiv sykdom starter direkte med natalizumab. Det er generelt et godt tolerert og effektivt legemiddel, men er assosiert med enkelte alvorlige bivirkninger, som den sjeldne tilstanden progressiv ... -
Health and wellbeing in Norway: Population norms and the social gradient
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-07-03)Measures of health-related quality of life are important in health technology assessments, and useful when analysing health inequalities across population sub-groups. This paper provides population norms on health and wellbeing in Norway based on two waves of a comprehensive health survey: Wave 6 of The Tromsø Study conducted in 2007/08 (N = 12,981) and Wave 7 conducted in 2015/16 (N = 21,083). By ... -
Evaluering av In vitro metode for demineralisering av rotoverflaten
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2020-05-20)Bakgrunn: Stadig flere eldre beholder sine egne tenner i høy alder. Blant de utfordringene som hyppig ses er blottlagte rotoverflater. Rotoverflatene er sårbare for kariesangrep og erosjoner. Målet for studien var å skape demineralisering in vitro på rotoverflater med et utvalg av fire syreløsninger. Vi skulle beskrive hvordan eventuelle demineraliseringer visuelt artet seg på rotoverflaten, og ... -
Knowledge of, compliance with and attitudes towards, infection control routines in dental practice: a survey among dental students and dental faculty members in North-West Russia
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2020-05-20)Infections are among the most significant healthcare problems in terms of the global perspective. Its increasing burden on healthcare settings may lead to a higher prevalence of antibiotic resistance, increased morbidity, and mortality among the patients who admit to health care institutions. Several antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA), which ...
