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Mental Health, Work, Welfare and Vocational Rehabilitation. A Comprehensive Study of Young Adults in the Norwegian Welfare State
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-04-11)<p><i>Background:</i> Despite Norway's high living standards and robust welfare system, a paradox exists concerning its young working-age adults - low unemployment but high and increasing uptake of health-related welfare benefits, mainly due to mental health problems. My study investigates the relationship between Norway's welfare system, young adults' reliance on health-related benefits, social ... -
Educational inequality in population-based health studies
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-04-04)When comparing groups in the society, one can observed systematic differences in health. The higher the education the group has, the higher the proportion of the group’s member have good health. These differences are known as social inequality in health. Information concerning an individual’s socioeconomic status is often collected through self-administrated questionnaires within epidemiological ... -
Associations Between Self-Rated Health and Mortality in the Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) Study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-02-20)Purpose: We investigated the association between self-rated health (SRH) and cancer incidence and SRH and all-cause mortality among Norwegian women.<p> <p>Population and Methods: We used data from 110,104 women in the Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) cohort aged 41– 70 years at baseline. We used flexible parametric survival analysis with restricted cubic splines to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) ... -
"Det handler jo om hvordan en spør" : en kvalitativ metasyntese om fysioterapeuters tverrsektorielle samhandling
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-11-20)Bakgrunn: Helsetjenestens organisering med en inndeling i spesialist- og kommunehelsetjeneste krever i stor grad samhandling på tvers av sektorene. Fysioterapeuters praktiske tilnærming til faget kan skape utfordringer for samhandling på tvers av organisatoriske grenser med ulike kontekstuelle og kulturelle rammer. Hensikten med denne studien er å undersøke fysioterapeuters intraprofesjonelle ... -
A Systems Epidemiology Approach to Breast Cancer and Parity. The Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) Study
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-04-04)The incidence and prevalence of breast cancer (BC) are increasing worldwide. The reasons for this trend are partly unknown. BC has several well documented modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. The only known, natural protective factors are breastfeeding and parity. The current paradigm is that the protective effect of parity is mediated by permanent genomic changes in a woman’s breast tissue ... -
Most common health problems in general practice among adolescents, and young adults’ survivors of lymphoma: a register-based cohort study in Norway
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-10-28)Background - The aim was to investigate the distribution of health problems in general practice (GP) among adolescent and young adult (AYA) survivors of lymphoma and to compare problem rates with the general population.<p> <p>Methods - All GP consultations between 2006 and 2020 were identified from the national GP claims register. Diseases and complaints presented 3–10 years after the cancer ... -
Characteristics of urban neighbourhood environments and cognitive age in mid-age and older adults
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-07-12)In this cross-sectional study, we examined the extent to which features of the neighbourhood natural, built, and socio-economic environments were related to cognitive age in adults (N = 3418, Mage = 61 years) in Australia. Machine learning estimated an individual's cognitive age from assessments of processing speed, verbal memory, premorbid intelligence. A ’cognitive age gap’ was calculated by ... -
Dietary intake of total, heme and non-heme iron and the risk of colorectal cancer in a European prospective cohort study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-02-09)Background - Iron is an essential micronutrient with differing intake patterns and metabolism between men and women. Epidemiologic evidence on the association of dietary iron and its heme and non-heme components with colorectal cancer (CRC) development is inconclusive.<p> <p>Methods - We examined baseline dietary questionnaire-assessed intakes of total, heme, and non-heme iron and CRC risk in the ... -
Novel biomarkers in hypertension
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-04-11)<p><i>Introduction</i> Hypertension and kidney damage are reciprocally related. Current blood and urine tests cannot reliably detect early kidney damage from hypertension, hindering timely prevention. A biomarker that captures kidney damage due to hypertension at an early stage might improve risk stratification and treatment. The primary objective of this project was to investigate how biomarkers ... -
Er en-avlednings elektrokardiografi assosiert med hjerteinfarkt hos yngre og middelaldrende kvinner og menn? En prospektiv kohortstudie, Tromsøundersøkelsen 1986/87.
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2021-03-02)Sammendrag Introduksjon Bakgrunnen for oppgaven er at det finnes lite forskning på assosiasjon av hjerteinfarkt ved elektrokardiografi hos kvinner. Formålet er derfor å studere sammenhengen mellom EKG avledning I og hjerteinfarkt hos hjertefriske yngre og middelaldrende kvinner og menn. Material og metode Datamaterialet til denne prospektive kohortstudien er hentet fra den tredje Tromsøundersøkelsen ... -
Eventyret i kommersiell hundekjøring: En kvalitativ studie av hundekjøringsguidens kompetansekrav og -utvikling
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2023-12-15)Dette prosjekt undersøker hvilke kompetansekrav som settes til hundekjøringsguiden og hvordan denne kompetanse kan utvikles. Hundekjøringsguidens rolle er et uberørt forskningsfelt og prosjektet er første forskning på temaet. En forståelse for hundekjøringsguidens rolle kan bidra til en inkludering av hundekjøring i en profesjonaliseringsprosess av naturbasert reiseliv. Prosjektet undersøker guidens ... -
Utøvelse og utvikling av radiografifaget i Norge. En kvalitativ studie
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-12-18)Innledning - Økt arbeidstempo og mer krevende arbeidsoppgaver gjør at radiografer har behov for å videreutvikle kunnskaper og ferdigheter. Hensikten med studien var å undersøke hvordan norske radiografer opplever arbeidshverdagen og hvilke muligheter de har for å opprettholde og øke egen fagutvikling. <p> <p>Materiale og metode - Vi gjennomførte semistrukturerte intervjuer av ti radiografer fra ... -
A Global Meta-Analysis of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Before and During COVID-19
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023)Objective: This meta-analysis compared negative emotions (NEs) as depression, anxiety, and stress, from before the pandemic to during the pandemic. <p> <p>Method: A total of 59 studies (19 before, 37 during-pandemic, and 3 that included both) using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) were included. A random effects model estimated the means of NEs before and during the pandemic. ... -
Prophylactic Oropharyngeal Surfactant for Preterm Newborns at Birth: A Randomized Clinical Trial
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-12-11)Importance - Preterm newborns at risk of respiratory distress syndrome are supported with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Many newborns worsen despite CPAP and are intubated for surfactant administration, an effective therapy for treatment of respiratory distress syndrome. Endotracheal intubation is associated with adverse effects. Pharyngeal administration of surfactant to preterm animals ... -
Calcium Intake and Lung Cancer Risk: A Pooled Analysis of 12 Prospective Cohort Studies
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-03-11)Background - Previous studies on calcium intake and lung cancer risk reported inconsistent associations, possibly due to the differences in intake amounts and contributing sources of calcium and smoking prevalence.<p> <p>Objectives - We investigated the associations of lung cancer risk with intake of calcium from foods and/or supplements and major calcium-rich foods in 12 studies.<p> <p>Methods ... -
Novel insights into the fenestrated scavenger endothelium of the liver sinusoid
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-03-22)<p>The sinusoids (specialized small blood vessels) of the liver are covered by endothelium (blood vessel wall cells) with open transcellular pores (holes that go from one side to the other) called fenestrations. This allows for efficient bidirectional transfer of solutes between the blood and the hepatocytes (main metabolic liver cell). These fenestrations can disappear or reduce in number and size ... -
Elevating Safe Use of Over-The-Counter Medications in Older Adults: A Narrative Review of Pharmacy Involved Interventions and Recommendations for Improvement
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-06-20)Over-the-counter (OTC) medications are products that have been made easily accessible to allow patients to treat common ailments without a prescription and the cost of a doctor’s visit. These medications are generally considered safe; however, there is still a potential for these medications to lead to adverse health outcomes. Older adults (ages 50+) are especially susceptible to these adverse health ... -
Utvikling av utskrivningsintervensjon med fokus på riktig legemiddelbruk – en kvalitetsforbedringsstudie ved medisinsk avdeling
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023)Hensikt - Hensikten med studien var å utvikle en utskrivningsintervensjon med fokus på riktig legemiddelbruk etter sykehusopphold. Involvering av farmasøyt var en forutsetning.<p> <p>Metode - Ved hjelp av forbedringsmetodikken plan-do-study-act (PDSA) har vi utviklet og evaluert en utskrivningsintervensjon hvor farmasøyten er sentral i samarbeid med det tverrfaglige teamet.<p> <p>Resultater - ... -
CaMKIIa+ neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis modulate pace of natural reward seeking depending on internal state
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-02-24)This study aims to investigate the underlying neurobiological mechanisms that regulate natural reward seeking behaviors, specifically in the context of sexual behavior and sucrose self-administration. The role of CaMKIIa+neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) was explored using chemogenetic silencing and -stimulation. Additionally, the study examined how these effects ... -
Evaluering av pilotprosjekt med primærhelseteam og alternative finansieringsordninger. Statusrapport I
(Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2019)Fra 1. april 2018 prøves primærhelseteam ut som en organisasjonsform med teamorganisering og to alternative finansieringsmodeller ved 13 fastlegekontor i ni kommuner. Forsøket administreres av Helsedirektoratet og skal pågå i tre år. Forsøket evalueres av en samarbeidskonstellasjon av forskere fra Universitetet i Oslo, Universitetet i Tromsø og Oslo Economics. I denne rapporten beskriver vi status ...
