The formation of ethnic groups is a result of interactions among group members and those from the outside, influencing criteria for valuation. Ethnicity, considered a part of human interaction, shapes the cultural specificities of ethnic groups through the experiential nature of ethnic relations. However, it is not only human interaction that shapes culture—the analysis of human societies should ...

This chapter explores Norway's public digitalization efforts, assessing the effectiveness of legislative and policy measures in advancing the public sector's digitalization and examining the adequacy of safeguards for fundamental rights. Norway stands out for its highly digitalized public sector, a result of strategic legislative and policy initiatives promoting a digital-friendly environment. We ...

The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) grants the rights enshrined in Article 8 to ‘everyone’. The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) has interpreted legal persons as falling within the scope of ‘everyone’ in various judgments, primarily concerning governmental searches and seizures. With the rise of digital technology, corporations now hold vast amounts of personal data, creating growing ...

This paper explores the concept of complying with relevant legal requirements when developing software systems. Specifically, it focuses on data protection law, cybersecurity regulation, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) regulation requirements in the software system development processes. The paper analyses the impact of three key regulatory frameworks in the European Union: the General Data Protection ...

Denne artikkelen trekker opp skillet mellom norsk rett og folkerett i norsk rettspraksis. Skillet har avgjørende betydning for rettskildevekten til norske rettsavgjørelser. Norske rettsavgjørelser har svært liten vekt i folkeretten. Dette står i kontrast til Høyesteretts uttalelser om spørsmål i norsk rett, som har svært stor vekt. Artikkelen analyserer eksempler fra rettspraksis der skillet mellom ...

Care is both a fundamental right for children, and central for a holistic realisation of other rights in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Children have a right to care as is necessary for his or her “well-being”. Therefore, an analysis of the right to care, requires an understanding of the term well-being. In jurisprudence, well-being is underexamined. Nonetheless, there are several ...

This article maps out the range of municipalities’ responsibility to implement permanent preventive measures against natural peril risk for the built environment. The responsibility is interpreted in the context of their responsibility for climate change adaptation, civil protection and to ensure construction on safe ground. Interviews substantiate that the applicable law and municipalities’ ...

This paper carries out an initial assessment of the integration of the ecosystem approach in the recently adopted agreement on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ). The analysis seeks to assess whether or not such integration is likely to be effective. In this respect, this paper follows up on earlier analyses offered during the ...

There is an ongoing proliferation of armed conflicts and international crimes around the world. While states and multinational organisations often fail to resolve these conflicts through traditional channels of diplomacy and mediation, more active participation of the civilian population in the collection, verification, and preservation of digital evidence (e-evidence) on core international crimes ...

Ocean governance is emerging as a field of study drawing on and combining different knowledge domains, including governance, science, and law. Assumptions of these three knowledge domains and their relationships are rarely discussed. This study attempts to contribute to such discussion by theory-building: investigating the governance-science and governance-law interfaces in an ocean governance ...