While climate change is of global concern, its impacts are especially rapid and pronounced in Arctic ecosystems. Arctic glaciers have been particularly impacted, with increasing melt and retreat in conjunction with shifts in riverine freshwater and sediment discharge. Arctic fjords are the ultimate recipients of glacial discharge and a plethora of heavy metals released from glacial environments. ...

Et mål med SUM-prosjektet (nærmere beskrevet i kapittel 5) var å legge til rette for at lærere skulle utvikle sin undervisningskompetanse innen utforskende matematikkundervisning. Forrige kapittel identifiserte noen konkrete aspekter ved organiseringen av SUM-prosjektet som ga muligheter for en slik utvikling, samt potensielle hindringer/barrierer som man også må ta hensyn til. Men i hvor stor grad ...

Uncontrolled over-fishing has been exemplified by the UN as a serious ecological challenge and a major threat to sustainable food supplies. Emerging trends within governing bodies point towards digital solutions by deploying CCTV-based video monitoring systems on a large scale. We conjecture that such systems are not feasible when reliant on satellite broadband in remote areas, and expose workers ...

In the context of Edge Computing or Cyber-Physical Systems, cross-functional, and cross-geographical DevOps teams are in charge of automating deployments, configuration, and management (i.e., reconfiguration) of complex, large-scale, highly dynamic, and geo-distributed service-oriented software systems. In this context, DevOps teams cannot reasonably manually coordinate their reconfiguration operations ...

Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas whose emission into the atmosphere from Arctic environments is increasing in response to climate change. At present, the increase in atmospheric methane concentrations recorded at Ny-Ålesund and globally threatens the Paris Agreement goal of limiting warming to 2 degrees, preferably 1.5 degrees, by increasing the need for abatements. However, our understanding ...

Planktic foraminifers are ubiquitous marine calcifiers sensitive to ocean biogeochemical and physical changes. Their fossil remains have thus been widely used for the reconstruction of past oceanographic and climatic changes. Here, we have investigated the distribution patterns of planktic foraminiferal species, their abundance, shell size, and preservation state in two sediment cores from the ...

Flere typer utstyr kan brukes for å overvåke søppel på havbunnen, inkludert droppkameraer, ROV-er (Remotely Operated Vehicles) og AUV-er (Autonomous Underwater Vehicles). Droppkamera og videorigger er kostnadseffektive og kan dekke store områder, men har begrenset fleksibilitet for nærmere undersøkelser. ROV-er gir større frihet og kan stoppe for nærmere inspeksjon, men er dyrere og vær- og ...

To enhance Situation Awareness (SA) in the context of autonomous ship navigation within a complex navigation environment, the Advanced Ship Predictor (ASP) is proposed as a solution framework aimed at predicting ship maneuvers. This can be used to identify potential ship close encounters and collision scenarios in advance, where appropriate collision avoidance actions should be taken. The implementation ...

As the Arctic undergoes ‘Atlantification’ and warms at a faster rate than lower latitudes, dramatic physical and biological changes are occurring in the ocean, atmosphere and cryosphere systems. This project focusses on fjord environments connected to the Greenland Ice Sheet, which has recently experienced a significant and rapid loss of ice attributed primarily to changes in the surface mass balance ...

The Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) is one of the climate tipping elements on Earth and the largest potential contributor to sea level rise. While the consequences of ice sheet collapse on oceanic and atmospheric changes are well documented, its impact on the global carbon cycle remains critically ignored in the current global carbon budget. This is particularly important because the Antarctic Sedimentary ...