Although rather delicate on account of their propensity to undergo deiodination, β-octaiodoporphyrinoids are of considerable interest as potential precursors to novel β-octasubstituted macrocycles. Presented herein are early results of our efforts to synthesize β-octaiodocorrole derivatives. Oxidative condensation of 3,4-diiodopyrrole and aromatic aldehydes failed to yield free-base octaiodocorroles. ...

Understanding the statistics of fluctuation driven flows in the boundary layer of magnetically confined plasmas is desired to accurately model the lifetime of the vacuum vessel components. Mirror Langmuir probes (MLPs) are a novel diagnostic that uniquely allow us to sample the plasma parameters on a time scale shorter than the characteristic time scale of their fluctuations. Sudden large-amplitude ...

Recent observations of extensive methane release into the oceans and atmosphere have raised concern as to whether rising temperatures across the Arctic could drive rapid destabilization of gas hydrate reservoirs. Here, we report modelling results from hydrate-modulated methane seepage from Vestnesa Ridge, offshore western Svalbard, suggesting that continuous leakage has occurred from the seafloor ...

Structural details of spermatozoa are interesting from the perspectives of fundamental biology and growing reproductive health problems. Studies of nanostructural details of these extremely motile cells have been limited to fixed cells, largely using electron microscopy. Here we provide the protocols for and demonstrate live-cell multi-color super-resolution imaging of human spermatozoa using ...

DNA ligases join breaks in the phosphodiester backbone of DNA by catalysing the formation of bonds between opposing 5′P and 3′OH ends in an adenylation-dependent manner. Catalysis is accompanied by reorientation of two core domains to provide access to the active site for cofactor utilization and enable substrate binding and product release. The general paradigm is that DNA ligases engage their DNA ...

We consider symmetric (under the action of products of finite symmetric groups) real algebraic varieties and semi-algebraic sets, as well as symmetric complex varieties in affine and projective spaces, defined by polynomials of degrees bounded by a fixed constant <i>d</i>. We prove that if a Specht module, S^λ⁠, appears with positive multiplicity in the isotypic decomposition of the ...

The presence of leads with open water or thin ice is an important feature of the Arctic sea ice cover. Leads regulate the heat, gas and moisture fluxes between the ocean and atmosphere and are areas of high ice growth rates during periods of freezing conditions. Here, an algorithm providing an automatic lead detection based on synthetic aperture radar images is described that can be applied to a ...

Antibiotic resistance is being recognized as a world-wide crisis in modern medicine, rapidly outpacing available treatment options. The serine-beta-lactamase OXA-48 was first identified from a carbapenem- and multidrug- resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate in Turkey in 2001, and is now one of the most geographically widespread members of the class D beta-lactamases. OXA-48 like beta-lactamases ...

This paper reviews the changing environments, developing landforms and terrestrial stratigraphy during the Early and Middle Pleistocene stages in Scotland. Cold stages after 2.7 Ma brought mountain ice caps and lowland permafrost, but larger ice sheets were short-lived. The late Early and Middle Pleistocene sedimentary record found offshore indicates more than 10 advances of ice sheets from ...

During specific intervals within Mesozoic and Cenozoic times, several areas of the southwestern Barents Sea were subjected to uplift and erosion. Areas with missing shallow stratigraphic interval sections and major erosion can be seen at several places along interpreted regional profiles in the southwestern Barents Sea. A new Normal Compaction Trend (NCT) for two selected shale– and ...