This paper presents a robust method combining electron temperatures and density to identify the winter dayside auroral region in Incoherent Scatter Radar (ISR) observations. In literature, a common proxy for identifying the dayside auroral region has been enhanced electron temperatures T_e at high altitudes. However, T_e is intimately related to N_e and their ...

The spectroscopic detection of gases and their stable isotopes holds significant value in bio-sciences and climate studies. However, achieving high precision has long been confined to bulky and costly equipment. In this work, we introduce a nanophotonic waveguide that is capable of detecting CO₂ gas down to 20 parts per billion, and for the first time perform accurate stable isotope ratio ...

This study explores the thermal conductivity and viscosity of water-based nanofluids containing silicon dioxide, graphene oxide, titanium dioxide, and their hybrids across various concentrations (0 to 1 vol%) and temperatures (30 to 60 °C). The nanofluids, characterized using multiple methods, exhibited increased viscosity and thermal conductivity compared to water, with hybrid nanofluids ...

Sunlight penetrates the bare-ice surface of glaciers and ice sheets, giving rise to the presence of a three-dimensional porous matrix of partially melted ice crystals known as the weathering crust. Surface meltwater slowly percolates through this weathering crust, which hosts active and diverse bacterial communities, until it reaches a supraglacial stream. Despite the potential implications of ...

Zero-shot learning (ZSL) is a machine learning paradigm that enables models to recognize and classify data from classes they have not encountered during training. This approach is particularly advantageous in recognizing activities where labeled data is limited, allowing models to identify new, unseen activities by leveraging semantic knowledge from seen activities. In this paper, we explore the ...

The effects of specific training protocols to improve repeated sprint ability are well known; however, the utility of non-specific training for this purpose is doubtful. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effects of a specific (sport-related) vs. non-specific (general physical development) eight-week training protocol on developing or maintaining repeated sprint ability in soccer players. ...

A Cyber-Physical System (CPS) deployed in remote and resource-constrained environments faces multiple challenges. It has, no or limited: network coverage, possibility of energy replenishment, physical access by humans.<p> <p>Cyber-physical nodes deployed to observe and interact with the Arctic tundra face these challenges. They are subject to environmental factors such as avalanches, low temperatures, ...

We construct a group structure on the set of pointed naive homotopy classes of scheme morphisms from the Jouanolou device to the projective line. The group operation is defined via matrix multiplication on generating sections of line bundles and only requires basic algebraic geometry. In particular, it is completely independent of the construction of the motivic homotopy category. We show that ...

Global contexts in images are quite valuable in image-to-image translation problems. Conventional attention-based and graph-based models capture the global context to a large extent; however, these are computationally expensive. Moreover, existing approaches are limited to only learning the pairwise semantic relation between any two points in the image. In this paper, we present Latent Graph ...

This paper presents a practical step-by-step approach to Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar nonlinearity correction (deconvolution), utilizing surface-based Ku- and Ka-band radar data collected over nilas ice within a newly-opened sea ice lead during the 2019/2020 MOSAiC expedition. Two performance metrics are introduced to evaluate deconvolution effectiveness: the spurious free ...