Scholars have examined the role of ‘teachings’ (or ‘literature’, ‘doctrine’ or ‘scholarship’) in various international courts and tribunals, but never the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS). This article analyses the general weight ITLOS judges assign to teachings, how the judges distinguish between more and less significant teachings, and how and why different judges use teachings ...

We use a hypothetical choice scenario to analyzefactors that affect the perceived risk of potentially risky backcountry terrain.Our results show thatfactors, which are expected to affect the objective level of risk (e.g., backcountry travel skills and experience), are correlated with the perceived level of risk. However, we also find suggestive evidence that social factors, which should not affect ...

<p>Presented are two steps being taken to examine sea ice coverage in Norwegian fjords as part of a larger study to improve our understanding of ice formation and breakup processes in these regions and implications for oil spill response (Fig. 1 offers one example). First, working with Google Earth Engine, MODIS images will be analyzed to determine where and when seasonal ice formation occurred along ...

The Levant Basin in the eastern Mediterranean Sea developed during rifting episodes occurring from Permian to the Early Jurassic (Netzeband et al. 2006; Gardosh et al. 2010), and has been a deep-water basin with a passive continental margin at least since the Cretaceous (Gardosh et al. 2008). Thick sequences of halite and interbedded shales (stringers) were deposited during the infamous Messinian ...

Chip-based Evanescent Light Scattering (cELS) utilizes the multiple modes of a high-index contrast optical waveguide for near-field illumination of unlabeled samples, thereby repositioning the highest spatial frequencies of the sample into the far-field. The multiple modes scattering off the sample with different phase differences is engineered to have random spatial distributions within the integration ...

<p><i>Background and objectives</i> The Pan-European research network CAMbrella was established under the 7th Framework Programme in 2010. One of the main aims is to review the legal and regulatory status for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, and indicate how legal and regulatory differences can be taken into account both in research initiatives and efforts to secure equal access to health ...

Infections with OXA-244-carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli with sequence type (ST)38 have recently increased in Europe. Due to its low-level activity against carbapenems, OXA-244 can be difficult to detect. Previous assessments have not revealed a clear source and route of transmission for OXA-244-producing E. coli, but there are indications of non-healthcare related sources and community ...