Artikler, rapporter og annet (psykologi): Recent submissions
Now showing items 461-480 of 564
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Nocebo hyperalgesia and the startle response
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-10-24)Background: The literature on the effects of nocebo on pain is sparse. The present experimental study investigated whether suggestions of nocebo hyperalgesia modified the startle response and whether increased startle contributed to the nocebo hyperalgesic effect. Methods: A design with four groups was employed; the participants were randomized into either a placebo group, a natural history group, ... -
Medical and Psychology Student’s Experiences in Learning Mindfulness: Benefits, Paradoxes, and Pitfalls
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-04-06)Mindfulness has attracted increased interest in the field of health professionals’ education due to its proposed double benefit of providing self-help strategies to counter stress and burnout symptoms and cultivating attitudes central to the role of professional helpers. The current study explored the experiential aspects of learning mindfulness. Specifically, we explored how first-year medical and ... -
Studies of sociosexual interactions in rats in an externally valid procedure: Are they relevant for understanding human sexual behavior?
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-05)When a prolonged observation of groups of rats in a seminatural environment is used as testing procedure, different behavioral patterns are shown compared with what observed in a pair housed in a small cage. Males and females copulate simultaneously, they show a promiscuously and random copulatory pattern. Females remain completely receptive from the first lordosis displayed in the period of behavioral ... -
The relationship between ethnic classroom composition and turkish-origin and german students' reading performance and sense of belonging
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-07-14)Past research on ethnic composition effects on migrant and ethnic majority students’ performance has reported inconclusive results: Some studies have found no relationship between the proportion of migrant students in school and students’ performance, some revealed positive effects, whereas others showed negative effects of the proportion of migrant students. Most of the studies did not ... -
A two-stage cognitive theory of the positive symptoms of psychosis. Highlighting the role of lowered decision thresholds
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016)<b>Objectives:</b> We outline a two-stage heuristic account for the pathogenesis of the positive symptoms of psychosis. <b>Methods:</b> A narrative review on the empirical evidence of the liberal acceptance (LA) account of positive symptoms is presented. <b>Hypothesis:</b> At the heart of our theory is the idea that psychosis is characterized by a lowered decision threshold, which results in ... -
Predictors of rate of change for children and youth with emotional disorders: a naturalistic observational study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016)Background: To examine demographic and clinical characteristics as potential predictors of change for children and youth with emotional disorders treated at two child and adolescent mental health outpatient services (CAMHS) in Norway. <p>Methods: The study was of naturalistic observational type with “treatment as usual” (TAU). The sample consisted of 84 children and youth with emotional disorders. ... -
Transcranial direct current stimulation as a memory enhancer in patients with Alzheimer’s disease: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-03-23)<p><i>Background:</i> The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on verbal memory function in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. <p><i>Methods:</i> We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial in which tDCS was applied in six 30-minute sessions for 10 days. tDCS was delivered to the left temporal cortex with 2-mA intensity. ... -
On the efficiency of neurally-informed cognitive models to identify latent cognitive states
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-07-25)Psychological theory is advanced through empirical tests of predictions derived from quantitative cognitive models. As cognitive models are developed and extended, they tend to increase in complexity–leading to more precise predictions–which places concomitant demands on the behavioral data used to discriminate between candidate theories. To aid discrimination between cognitive models and, more ... -
A Neural Model of Mind Wandering
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-06-25)The role of the default-mode network (DMN) in the emergence of mind wandering and task-unrelated thought has been studied extensively. In parallel work, mind wandering has been associated with neuromodulation via the locus coeruleus (LC) norepinephrine (LC-NE) system. Here we propose a neural model that links the two systems in an integrative framework. The model attempts to explain how dynamic ... -
The first independent study on the complex trial protocol version of the P300-based concealed information test: Corroboration of previous findings and highlights on vulnerabilities
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-10-15)More than a dozen studies of the Complex Trial Protocol (CTP) version of the P300-based Concealed Information Test have been published since its introduction (Rosenfeld et al., 2008), and it has been fairly consistently proven to provide high accuracy and strong resistance to countermeasures (Rosenfeld et al., 2013). However, no independent authors have verified these findings until now. In the ... -
The Consumer Science of Sharing: A Discussant's Observations
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-03-09)This discussant’s response to the collected articles on the consumer behavior of sharing draws on a 1983–99 record of research on the psychology of ownership and property. The major recommendations here are: (1) that sharing be defined as the simultaneous or sequential use of an object (e.g., car), a space (e.g., living room), or an intangible (e.g., identity) by more than one individual; (2) that ... -
Suicidal tendencies as correlates of disability measures
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-07-27)Abstract Disabilities and resultant handicaps may impair health-related quality of life to the degree that individuals feel that life is not worth living. Using archived 2009 Canadian Community Health Survey data, this study found that each of seven measures of disabilities (Health Utilities Index sub-scales of problems in (1) vision, (2) hearing, (3) speech, (4) mobility, (5) dexterity, (6) ... -
On the measurement of procrastination: Comparing two scales in six European countries
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-08-31)Procrastination is a common problem, but defining and measuring it has been subject to some debate. This paper summarizes results from students and employees (N = 2893) in Finland, Germany, Italy, Norway, Poland, and Sweden using the Pure Procrastination Scale (PPS) and the Irrational Procrastination Scale (IPS; Steel, 2010), both assumed to measure unidimensional and closely related constructs. ... -
Women with coronary heart disease – making sense of their symptoms and their experiences from interacting with their general practitioners
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-12-01)Cardiovascular disease and particularly coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death among women and men worldwide. CHD in women, and their symptoms and treatment trajectory are not well understood. Studies indicate gender-related differences in symptom presentation, comorbidity, help-seeking behavior, and the quality of diagnostics and treatment of CHD. Although the incidence ... -
Global cortical thinning in acute anorexia nervosa normalizes following long-term weight restoration
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2014-09-22)<b>Background:</b> Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious eating disorder characterized by selfstarvation, extreme weight loss and alterations in brain structure. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) studies have documented brain volume reductions in acute AN, but it is unclear whether they are 1) regionally-specific or 2) reversible following weight restoration. Here, we measured cortical ... -
Relationships between learning approach, procrastination and academic achievement amongst first-year university students
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-11-22)Individual differences in student learning influence academic performance, and two aspects influencing the learning process are the particular learning approach the students use and procrastination behaviour. We examined the relationships between learning approaches, procrastination and academic achievement (measured 1 year later as the grade point average (GPA)) amongst 428 first-year university ... -
Glemt det? Husk det!
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2016)Populærvitenskapelig artikkel om hukommelse. -
Parent-Endorsed Sex Differences in Toddlers with and Without ASD: Utilizing the M-CHAT
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-10-18)Sex differences in typical development can provide context for understanding ASD. It has been suggested that ASD could be considered an extreme expression of normal male, compared to female, phenotypic profiles. In this paper, sex-specific M-CHAT scores from N=53,728 18-month old toddlers, including n=185 (32 females) receiving an ASD diagnosis, were examined. Results suggest a nuanced view of the ... -
Forstyrra i personligheten
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2015)Populærvitenskapelig artikkel om personlighetsforstyrrelser. -
Hvorfor er det så himla viktig med utdanning?
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-08-03)Frafall fra utdanning er et hyppig debattert tema både i Norge og andre steder. Denne opptattheten av å redusere frafallet har blant annet bakgrunn i de mange positive konsekvensene utdanning har for helse, jobbstatus og økonomi. Statistikkene viser at flere gutter enn jenter slutter, og at frafallet er størst på yrkesfagene. Foreldres utdanningsnivå betyr mye for om elevene fullfører eller ikke. ...