Blar i tittel Mastergradsoppgaver i folkehelsevitenskap
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Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice regarding Pap Smear Test among Women in Ward no. 14, Dharan.
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2014-08-30)Aims: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding Pap smear test among women in ward no. 14, Dharan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in ward no-14 Dharan, Nepal. A total of 100 respondents were selected using probability systematic random sampling technique. Interview schedule with structured and semi-structured questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge, attitude, ... -
Kreftrisiko ved snusbruk. Litteraturstudie
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2012-07-31)Sammendrag Bakgrunn I løpet av de siste årene har bruken av snus i Norge eksplodert, særlig blant unge. Det har vært omdiskutert hvorvidt bruk av snus medfører helserisiko. Bruk av snus virker å være sosialt akseptert i en tid da røykeforbudet er gjeldende i det offentlige rom og på de fleste arbeidsplasser. Det kan synes som at man har støttet seg på argumentet om at så lenge snus er mindre farlig ... -
Kvinner og kroppsmasse : endringer over tid - prediktorer for endringene
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2009-12)Kartlegger endringer i kroppsmasseindeks hos 32388 norske kvinner fra 1991-2005, samt mulige prediktorer for vektøkning. Med utgangspunkt i "Kvinner og Kreft" studien. -
Kvinner og røyking : endringer i røykevaner i perioden 1991 til 2005 og prediktorer for røykeslutt : en kohortstudie basert på "Kvinner og kreft"-studien
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2010-06-15)Bakgrunn: Røyking er den enkeltfaktor som har størst negativ innvirking på folkehelse som kan forebygges. De siste 15-20 årene har det vært en stor nedgang i antall dagligrøykere, men det er fortsatt ca 20 % av kvinnene mellom 16-74 år som røyker daglig. Det er få norske studier som har sett på prediktorer for røykeslutt. Hensikt: Beskrive røykestatus i 1991 og endringer i røykevaner hos en kohort ... -
Lav inntekt, økonomiske problemer og lavt utdanningsnivå som risiko for utvikling av kronisk smertesyndrom i en norsk befolkning. Helseundersøkelsen i Nord-Trøndelag (HUNT).
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2011-08-01)Bakgrunnen for denne masteroppgaven var at flere i en lavere sosioøkonomisk klasse ser ut til å bli rammet av fibromyalgi, og mye tyder på en økende forekomst. Formålet var å beregne kumulativ insidens over ti år i en norsk befolkning. Analysere om lav inntekt, økonomiske problemer og lavt utdanningsnivå kan ha noen betydning på risiko for å utvikle fibromyalgi. Materiale er hentet fra Helseundersøkelsen ... -
Legemiddelforskrivning og uttak av medikamenter ved obstruktiv lungesykdom : en kartlegging av forskrivninger fra allmennlege og uttak av legemidler fra Reseptregisteret med data fra 8 utvalgte legesentre i Sør og Nord-Trøndelag fylke
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2009-07-15)Bakgrunn: Legemiddelbehandling i dag har en viktig rolle i å forebygge og å redusere sykelighet og dødelighet for pasienter med kronisk lungesykdom. I Norge har det de siste tiårene vært mindre oppmerksomhet rundt pasientenes etterlevelse av medisinske råd og behandlinger sammenlignet med mange andre land. Studier har vist at kun halvparten av pasientene med ulike kroniske sykdommer følger sin ... -
Level of education and HIV viral load suppression in a population under universal anti-retroviral therapy in eSwatini
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2021-05-31)<p>Introduction: HIV/AIDS continues to be amongst the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. There is no approved cure for HIV, but the disease can be managed using Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART). If drug adherence of about 95% is achieved, odds for a better clinical outcome increase. The level of education as a marker for many socio- economic status indicators has an impact ... -
Level of education and risk for self-reported cardiovascular disease - The Tromsø Study, 1994-2016
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2021-11-27)Introduction & Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases (NCDs) globally. In 2018, CVD claimed 12,091 lives in Norway, and between 2005-2016 approximately 21% of the Norwegian population were administered therapeutic drugs to treat or prevent CVD. The World Health Organization has created a target to reduce NCD deaths by 33% between 2010-2030 for ... -
”Lifestyle blues” . Om relasjoner mellom glykosylert hemoglobin og kroppsfett samt utvalgte blodlipider hos kvinner og menn i en generell befolkning – Tromsø IV
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2003-12-01)Glykosylert hemoglobin er et stabilt mål for gjennomsnittlig sukkermengde i blodet de siste 6-12 ukene. Høye serumglukoseverdier er et (kardinal-) symptom på diabetes (diagnostisk kriterium). Manglende glukosekontroll (”impaired glucose tolerance”, IGT) forbindes også med (kardio)vaskulære sjukdoms(risiko)tilstander. HbA1c-test er derfor ett viktig verktøy for å måle en persons (hyper)glykemiske ... -
Live long and prosper : assessment of the effect of participation in self-help groups for landmine accident survivors in rural Cambodia through analysing pre- and post-intervention changes in health determinants
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2013-08-28)Objective: Landmines injuries are considered a major public health issue. Cambodia is the 4th most land mined country in the world. Landmine accident survivors face challenges with poverty and pain, with little chance of improving their lives on their own. Trauma Care Foundation Cambodia started with community based self-help groups in 2000. The aim is to study was to evaluate the impact of self- ... -
A longitudinal study of the changes in BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-height-ratio and desired BMI of the participants in the 4th, 5th and 6th survey of the Tromsø Study.
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2014-04-29)Background: prevalence of obesity and overweight continues to increase in Norway, and more in young than old. This thesis has sought to describe the changes in BMI, with supplementary analyses of WC and WHtR, over a 13-year period. Furthermore, desired BMI (DBMI) has been analysed to assess whether the discrepancy between weight and desired weight is dependent on BMI categories of normal weight, ... -
Low numbers of post-term pregnancy inductions result in high numbers of emergency caesarean sections. A comparison of morbidity and mortality between term and post-term deliveries in the Murmansk County Birth Registry 2006-2011
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2016-02-13)Objective: This thesis compares women who went into spontaneous labour at term with women who gave birth post-term with regards to five outcome variables: perinatal mortality, threatening intrauterine asphyxia, Apgar score below 7 (after 5 minutes), meconium staining and emergency caesarean section. Material and methods: The thesis used data from the Murmansk County Birth Registry from 2006 to 2011. ... -
Mapping the EORTC QLQ-C30 to four preference-based measures (EQ-5D, SF-6D, 15D and HUI3).
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2018-01-08)Background: Cost utility analysis evaluates health care interventions in terms of their cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained. The EQ-5D, SF-6D, 15D and HUI3 are the most common health state utility (HSU) instruments used to put the ‘quality adjustment weight’ into the QALY. However, HSU instruments are not always available or appropriate for every health conditions. For measuring the ... -
The mediating impact of lifestyle factors in the relationship between socioeconomic status and self-reported health in a Norwegian cohort of women
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2020-12-01)Introduction: Information on self-reported health (SRH) with a simple question on “How do you rate your health?” provides sufficient information to be a reasonable proxy of health. Socioeconomic inequalities in health are often monitored via SRH. Individuals with better socioeconomic status (SES) more likely to rate their SRH as good. The part of the effect of SES (income level and education) operates ... -
Mortality reduction in poor countries: exploring the association with health system resources and economic growth
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2012-05-01)Population health (measured in terms of life expectancy and under-five mor-tality rate) has improved under the era of the Millennium Development Goals. The aim of the thesis was to examine the association between population health and health care resources in poor countries, to better understand the situation and how to improve it. I have done an ecological analysis of aggregate data. The sample ... -
Myelinated Retinal Nerve Fibre: Prevalence and its Association with Ocular and Systemic Parameters in Tromsø.
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2020-11-30)Background: Myelinated retinal nerve fibres (MRNFs) are congenital anomalies of the fundus that occur in about 1% of the population. Clinically, they appear as grey or white well-separated patches with feathery borders along the retinal nerve fibre layer. MRNF has been reported to occur in association with some ocular parameters as well as stroke. However, most cases of MRNF occur in isolation and ... -
Neonatal mortality predictors in Nepal: Nepal demographic health survey 2011
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2013-09-01)Background: The neonatal period (0-28 days after delivery) in human life is critical and carries a high risk of mortality. According to the Nepal Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) 2011, Nepal has a Neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR) of 33/1000 live births which is one of the highest in the world. The neonatal mortality accounts for 61% of the under-five mortality. There has been very limited progress in ... -
The Nordic diet - possible health effects and approaches to the different food indexes. A literature study
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2016-11-30)One way to overcome the preventable, non-communicable diseases which is a challenge to public health is to facilitate a healthy diet with a sufficient nutritional value. In the Nordic regions great efforts have been made to focus on the health impacts of the dietary pattern, issuing guidelines for dietary composition and recommended intake of nutrients. These recommendations, The Nordic Nutrition ... -
Number of children and risk of hormone receptor-positive versus hormone receptor-negative breast cancer
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2022-11-30)Introduction: With around 2.3 million cases, breast cancer became the most frequently diagnosed cancer in 2020 surpassing lung cancer cases and mortality. Based on histology and molecular characteristics, hormone receptor-positive (HR+) cancer has tumors with both estrogen and progesterone receptors. On the contrary, hormone receptor-negative (HR-) cancer has tumors not expressing estrogen or ... -
Offentlig finansiert fedmekirurgi i Norge i periode 2008-2014. Antall inngrep og operasjonsrater, kjønns- og aldersspesifikke rater, forskjeller i rater mellom regionale helseforetak, og en beskrivelse av type kirurgi som brukes i Norge
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2015-12-22)Bakgrunn: Fedme er definert som en av de største helsetruslene i vår tid. Fedme kan skape alvorlige problemer for helse, trivsel og livskvalitet, og risikoen for ulike helseproblem øker med stigende grad av fedme. Det er sett en økning i bruk av fedmekirurgi som behandling for sykelig overvekt. Flere studier viser at fedmekirurgi kan være en effektiv i behandlingen av flere fedmerelaterte problemer, ...