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norskBlar i tittel Mastergradsoppgaver i folkehelsevitenskap
Viser treff 105-124 av 187
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Level of education and HIV viral load suppression in a population under universal anti-retroviral therapy in eSwatini
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2021-05-31)<p>Introduction: HIV/AIDS continues to be amongst the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. There is no approved cure for HIV, but the disease can be managed using Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART). If drug adherence of about 95% is achieved, odds for a better clinical outcome increase. The level of education as a marker for many socio- economic status indicators has an impact ... -
Level of education and risk for self-reported cardiovascular disease - The Tromsø Study, 1994-2016
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2021-11-27)Introduction & Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases (NCDs) globally. In 2018, CVD claimed 12,091 lives in Norway, and between 2005-2016 approximately 21% of the Norwegian population were administered therapeutic drugs to treat or prevent CVD. The World Health Organization has created a target to reduce NCD deaths by 33% between 2010-2030 for ... -
”Lifestyle blues” . Om relasjoner mellom glykosylert hemoglobin og kroppsfett samt utvalgte blodlipider hos kvinner og menn i en generell befolkning – Tromsø IV
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2003-12-01)Glykosylert hemoglobin er et stabilt mål for gjennomsnittlig sukkermengde i blodet de siste 6-12 ukene. Høye serumglukoseverdier er et (kardinal-) symptom på diabetes (diagnostisk kriterium). Manglende glukosekontroll (”impaired glucose tolerance”, IGT) forbindes også med (kardio)vaskulære sjukdoms(risiko)tilstander. HbA1c-test er derfor ett viktig verktøy for å måle en persons (hyper)glykemiske ... -
Live long and prosper : assessment of the effect of participation in self-help groups for landmine accident survivors in rural Cambodia through analysing pre- and post-intervention changes in health determinants
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2013-08-28)Objective: Landmines injuries are considered a major public health issue. Cambodia is the 4th most land mined country in the world. Landmine accident survivors face challenges with poverty and pain, with little chance of improving their lives on their own. Trauma Care Foundation Cambodia started with community based self-help groups in 2000. The aim is to study was to evaluate the impact of self- ... -
A longitudinal study of the changes in BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-height-ratio and desired BMI of the participants in the 4th, 5th and 6th survey of the Tromsø Study.
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2014-04-29)Background: prevalence of obesity and overweight continues to increase in Norway, and more in young than old. This thesis has sought to describe the changes in BMI, with supplementary analyses of WC and WHtR, over a 13-year period. Furthermore, desired BMI (DBMI) has been analysed to assess whether the discrepancy between weight and desired weight is dependent on BMI categories of normal weight, ... -
Low numbers of post-term pregnancy inductions result in high numbers of emergency caesarean sections. A comparison of morbidity and mortality between term and post-term deliveries in the Murmansk County Birth Registry 2006-2011
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2016-02-13)Objective: This thesis compares women who went into spontaneous labour at term with women who gave birth post-term with regards to five outcome variables: perinatal mortality, threatening intrauterine asphyxia, Apgar score below 7 (after 5 minutes), meconium staining and emergency caesarean section. Material and methods: The thesis used data from the Murmansk County Birth Registry from 2006 to 2011. ... -
Mapping the EORTC QLQ-C30 to four preference-based measures (EQ-5D, SF-6D, 15D and HUI3).
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2018-01-08)Background: Cost utility analysis evaluates health care interventions in terms of their cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained. The EQ-5D, SF-6D, 15D and HUI3 are the most common health state utility (HSU) instruments used to put the ‘quality adjustment weight’ into the QALY. However, HSU instruments are not always available or appropriate for every health conditions. For measuring the ... -
The mediating impact of lifestyle factors in the relationship between socioeconomic status and self-reported health in a Norwegian cohort of women
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2020-12-01)Introduction: Information on self-reported health (SRH) with a simple question on “How do you rate your health?” provides sufficient information to be a reasonable proxy of health. Socioeconomic inequalities in health are often monitored via SRH. Individuals with better socioeconomic status (SES) more likely to rate their SRH as good. The part of the effect of SES (income level and education) operates ... -
Mortality reduction in poor countries: exploring the association with health system resources and economic growth
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2012-05-01)Population health (measured in terms of life expectancy and under-five mor-tality rate) has improved under the era of the Millennium Development Goals. The aim of the thesis was to examine the association between population health and health care resources in poor countries, to better understand the situation and how to improve it. I have done an ecological analysis of aggregate data. The sample ... -
Myelinated Retinal Nerve Fibre: Prevalence and its Association with Ocular and Systemic Parameters in Tromsø.
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2020-11-30)Background: Myelinated retinal nerve fibres (MRNFs) are congenital anomalies of the fundus that occur in about 1% of the population. Clinically, they appear as grey or white well-separated patches with feathery borders along the retinal nerve fibre layer. MRNF has been reported to occur in association with some ocular parameters as well as stroke. However, most cases of MRNF occur in isolation and ... -
Neonatal mortality predictors in Nepal: Nepal demographic health survey 2011
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2013-09-01)Background: The neonatal period (0-28 days after delivery) in human life is critical and carries a high risk of mortality. According to the Nepal Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) 2011, Nepal has a Neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR) of 33/1000 live births which is one of the highest in the world. The neonatal mortality accounts for 61% of the under-five mortality. There has been very limited progress in ... -
The Nordic diet - possible health effects and approaches to the different food indexes. A literature study
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2016-11-30)One way to overcome the preventable, non-communicable diseases which is a challenge to public health is to facilitate a healthy diet with a sufficient nutritional value. In the Nordic regions great efforts have been made to focus on the health impacts of the dietary pattern, issuing guidelines for dietary composition and recommended intake of nutrients. These recommendations, The Nordic Nutrition ... -
Number of children and risk of hormone receptor-positive versus hormone receptor-negative breast cancer
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2022-11-30)Introduction: With around 2.3 million cases, breast cancer became the most frequently diagnosed cancer in 2020 surpassing lung cancer cases and mortality. Based on histology and molecular characteristics, hormone receptor-positive (HR+) cancer has tumors with both estrogen and progesterone receptors. On the contrary, hormone receptor-negative (HR-) cancer has tumors not expressing estrogen or ... -
Offentlig finansiert fedmekirurgi i Norge i periode 2008-2014. Antall inngrep og operasjonsrater, kjønns- og aldersspesifikke rater, forskjeller i rater mellom regionale helseforetak, og en beskrivelse av type kirurgi som brukes i Norge
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2015-12-22)Bakgrunn: Fedme er definert som en av de største helsetruslene i vår tid. Fedme kan skape alvorlige problemer for helse, trivsel og livskvalitet, og risikoen for ulike helseproblem øker med stigende grad av fedme. Det er sett en økning i bruk av fedmekirurgi som behandling for sykelig overvekt. Flere studier viser at fedmekirurgi kan være en effektiv i behandlingen av flere fedmerelaterte problemer, ... -
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation and the risk of fatal myocardial infarction among Norwegian women: a prospective cohort
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2020-12-01)<p>Background: In 2015, around 17.9 million people died from cardiovascular disease worldwide, with myocardial infarction being the most common manifestation. Contemporary research suggests that omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) interventions have less useful cardiovascular outcomes than previously thought. This study aims to examine the association between n-3 PUFA intake frequency ... -
Oral contraceptive use and risk of mortality among Norwegian women – a prospective study from the NOWAC study
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2021-12-01)Millions of women are dependent on the use of oral contraceptives in order to have a more meaningful life and a general sense of well-being. These benefits make oral contraceptives one of the most prescribed medications among women. However, while there is established evidence on the short-term effects of oral contraceptive use, there are conflicting reports on the long-term risk of oral contraceptive ... -
Oral health of adults in Northern Norway – a pilot study
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2012-05-01)There is a deficiency of data on oral health of adults in northern Norway, and available reports indicate poorer oral health in the north as compared with the rest of the country. The objective of this pilot study was to develop and test out tools for a larger epidemiological study of oral health among adults in northern Norway. The study was conducted in the municipalities of Nordkapp and Båtsfjord ... -
Organisering og avlønning av allmennleger : hvordan virker ulike avlønningsformer, og hvordan er det norske systemet sammenliknet med Sverige, Danmark og England?
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2010-05-01)Norges primærhelsetjeneste beskrives med bakgrunn i historie, organisering og avlønning av fastlegene. Organisering og avlønning blir så sammenlignet med hvordan dette gjøres i England, Sverige og Danmark. Med bakgrunn i dette blir det foreslått mulige endringer i primærhelsetjenesten i Norge. Dette være seg blant annet innføring av bedre overvåking av fastlegenes ressursbruk spesielt med tanke på ... -
Overweight and obesity among children – Is there an association between school provided meals and BMI changes?
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2022-11-28)Overweight and obesity has become a worldwide problem in the last decades. Among children aged 5-19, overweight and obesity prevalence has risen from 4% in 1975 to 18% in 2016. Children with overweight and obesity are also more likely to stay obese into adulthood. The consequences of being overweight and obese in childhood increases the risk of several non-communicable diseases and early morbidity. For ... -
Ovulation frequency in women of childbearing age attending a population based health survey : the relationship between self-reported cycles and measured serum progesterone levels in The North-Trøndelag health study, The HUNT3-Survey 2006-2008
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2011-12-01)The primary objective was to study the frequency of ovulatory menstrual cycles among women aged 20-50 years participating in the HUNT3-survey. Further, we wanted to investigate how the women’s report of menstrual cycle day coincided with the increase in measured serum progesterone level. Finally, we also investigated the association between self-reported premenstrual symptoms and verified ovulatory ...
