Institutt for samfunnsmedisin: Recent submissions
Now showing items 1621-1640 of 1908
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Extraction of clinical indicators that are associated with the heat/nonheat and excess/deficiency patterns in pattern identifications for stroke
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015)The aim of this study is to extract indicators that are associated with the heat/nonheat and excess/deficiency patterns in stroke pattern identification through the large-scale analysis of clinical data. Two experts, who had more than three years of clinical experience with stroke, independently performed the pattern identification. We analyzed indicators of clinical data with two doctors’ ... -
Is traditional Chinese medicine recommended in Western medicine clinical practice guidelines in China? A systematic analysis
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-06-03)Background: Evidence-based medicine promotes and relies on the use of evidence in developing clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). The Chinese healthcare system includes both traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Western medicine, which are expected to be equally reflected in Chinese CPGs. <p>Objective: To evaluate the inclusion of TCM-related information in Western medicine CPGs developed ... -
Diet and physical activity for children’s health: a qualitative study of Nepalese mothers’ perceptions
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-09-08)Objectives: Non-communicable diseases account for 50% of all deaths in Nepal and 25% result from cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies in Nepal indicate a high burden of behavioural cardiovascular risk factors, suggesting a low level of knowledge, attitude and practice/behaviour regarding cardiovascular health. The behavioural foundation for a healthy lifestyle begins in early childhood, ... -
How do we deal with multiple goals for care within an individual patient trajectory? A document content analysis of health service research papers on goals for care
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-12-10)Objectives: Patients with complex long-term needs experience multiple parallel care processes, which may have conflicting or competing goals, within their individual patient trajectory (iPT). The alignment of multiple goals is often implicit or non-existent, and has received little attention in the literature. Research questions: (1) What goals for care relevant for the iPT can be identified ... -
Cardiovascular health and the modifiable burden of incident myocardial infarction: The Tromsø Study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-03-06)Background: The American Heart Association has proposed an impact goal for the year 2020 to improve cardiovascular health by 20%. The objectives of the study were to assess the association between the proposed cardiovascular health metric score and incident myocardial infarction (MI) and to estimate the generalized impact fraction (GIF). <p>Methods: The health metric score was derived from ideal ... -
Variations in suicide method and in suicide occurrence by season and day of the week in Russia and the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Northwestern Russia: a retrospective population-based mortality study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-09-23)Background: Suicide is an important world health issue, especially in territories inhabited by indigenous people. This investigated differences in suicide rates, suicide methods, and suicide occurrence by month and day of the week among the indigenous and non-indigenous populations of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug (NAO) and to compare the findings from the NAO with national Russian statistics. <p>Methods: ... -
Analgesic use in a Norwegian general population: Change over time and high-risk use - The Tromsø Study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2015-06-06)Background: Increased use of analgesics in the population is a cause for concern in terms of drug safety. There is a paucity of population-based studies monitoring the change in use over time of both non-prescription (OTC) analgesics and prescription (Rx) analgesics. Although much is known about the risks associated with analgesic use, we are lacking knowledge on high-risk use at a population level. ... -
Health state utility instruments compared: inquiring into nonlinearity across EQ-5D-5L, SF-6D, HUI-3 and 15D
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-12-21)Purpose Different health state utility (HSU) instruments produce different utilities for the same individuals, thereby compromising the intended comparability of economic evaluations of health care interventions. When developing crosswalks, previous studies have indicated nonlinear relationships. This paper inquires into the degree of nonlinearity across the four most widely used HSU-instruments ... -
Young doctors’ preferences for payment systems: the influence of gender and personality traits
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-08-19)<p> Objective: Activity-based payment contracts are common among doctors, but to what extent are they preferred? The aim of this paper is to elicit young doctors’ preferences for alternative payment systems before they have adapted to an existing system. We examine the existence of gender differences and the extent to which personality traits determine preferences. <p> Methods: A cross-sectional ... -
Pre-diagnostic concordance with the WCRF/AICR guidelines and survival in European colorectal cancer patients: A cohort study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-05-07)Background: Cancer survivors are advised to follow lifestyle recommendations on diet, physical activity, and body fatness proposed by the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute of Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) for cancer prevention. Previous studies have demonstrated that higher concordance with these recommendations measured using an index score (the WCRF/AICR score) was associated with ... -
The quality of denominator data in surgical site infection surveillance versus administrative data in Norway 2005-2010
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-11-30)Background: High quality of surveillance systems for surgical site infections (SSIs) is the key to their usefulness. The Norwegian Surveillance System for Antibiotic Consumption and Healthcare-Associated Infections (NOIS) was introduced by regulation in 2005, and is based largely on automated extraction of data from underlying systems in the hospitals. <p>Methods: This study investigates the ... -
Can we rely on simulated patients' satisfaction with their consultation for assessing medical students' communication skills? A cross-sectional study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-12-18)Background: In medical education, teaching methods offering intensive practice without high utilization of faculty resources are needed. We investigated whether simulated patients’ (SPs’) satisfaction with a consultation could predict professional observers’ assessment of young doctors’ communication skills. <p>Methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional study of 62 videotaped consultations ... -
Impact of referral templates on the quality of referrals from primary to secondary care: a cluster randomised trial
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-08-29)Background: The referral letter is an important document facilitating the transfer of care from a general practitioner (GP) to secondary care. Hospital doctors have often criticised the quality and content of referral letters, and the effectiveness of improvement efforts remains uncertain. <p>Methods: A cluster randomised trial was conducted using referral templates for patients in four diagnostic ... -
Outcome prediction in chronic unilateral lumbar radiculopathy: Prospective cohort study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-02-07)Background: Identification of prognostic factors for persistent pain and disability are important for better understanding of the clinical course of chronic unilateral lumbar radiculopathy and to assist clinical decision-making. There is a lack of scientific evidence concerning prognostic factors. The aim of this study was to identify clinically relevant predictors for outcome at 52 weeks. <p>Methods: ... -
How to Handle Worsening of Condition during Treatment-Risk Assessment in Homeopathic Practice
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-02-18)Even though homeopathy is regarded by many as a harmless intervention, homeopathic practice, may not be entirely risk free. Homeopathic aggravation, a concept unique for homeopathy, may impose a particular risk as it allows the health status of the patients to deteriorate before there is an possible improvement. Risk in homeopathy can be divided into direct and indirect risk. Direct risk includes ... -
Reproductive factors and risk of mortality in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition; a cohort study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-10-30)Background: Reproductive events are associated with important physiologic changes, yet little is known about how reproductive factors influence long-term health in women. Our objective was to assess the relation of reproductive characteristics with all-cause and cause-specific mortality risk. <p>Methods: The analysis was performed within the European Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition ... -
Health workers' experiences, barriers, preferences and motivating factors in using mHealth forms in Ethiopia
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-01-15)<p>Background: Mobile health (mHealth) applications, such as innovative electronic forms on smartphones, could potentially improve the performance of health care workers and health systems in developing countries. However, contextual evidence on health workers’ barriers and motivating factors that may influence large-scale implementation of such interfaces for health care delivery is ... -
Prevalence of birth defects in an Arctic Russian setting from 1973 to 2011: a register-based study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-01-10)Background Birth defects (BD) constitute an important public health issue as they are the main cause of infant death. Their prevalence in Europe for 2008–2012 was 25.6 per 1000 newborns. To date, there are no population-based studies for the Russian Federation. The aim of the present study is to estimate the prevalence of BD, its forms, and changes over time in the Russian Arctic city of Monchegorsk ... -
Class, Social suffering and Health Consumerism
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-10-12)In recent years an extensive social gradient in cancer outcome has attracted much attention, with late diagnosis proposed as one important reason for this. Whereas earlier research has investigated health care seeking among cancer patients, these social differences may be better understood by looking at health care seeking practices among people who are not diagnosed with cancer. Drawing on ... -
What characterises women who eat potatoes? A cross-sectional study among 74,208 women in the Norwegian Women and Cancer cohort
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-02-19)<p>Background: Studies of potato consumption have shown that age, region, socioeconomic status, and household structure are important determinants. <p>Objective: This study aims to map which factors influence potato consumption among women in the Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) study. <p>Design: A cross-sectional study using a postal questionnaire among 74,208 NOWAC participants aged ...