Background: More than half the world’s population is colonized with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in the gastric mucosa which is the major cause of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer. Moreover, H. pylori has been associated with the development of non-cardia gastric cancer, the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and has been linked to extra-intestinal diseases, with unsettled ...

<p><i>Paper I</i> <br>To describe hemodynamic response and phosphorylation of cardiac troponin I during rewarming from deep, stable hypothermia with use of the calcium sensitizer and PDE3 inhibitor levosimendan, compared to animals given placebo. <p> <p><i>Paper II</i> <br>To describe hemodynamic response to lowered systemic vascular resistance by nitroprusside administration during rewarming ...

The hippocampus is remarkably plastic and has the ability to modify its processes throughput the lifetime. During development, the hippocampus is exceedingly plastic as new neurons and connections are taking form. Nevertheless, the neural circuits of the hippocampus keep modifying in the adult. The factors contributing to hippocampal plasticity are still elusive. In this thesis, I present three ...

Sub-Saharan Africa remains the region with the highest burden of HIV among both children and adults. Access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved survival, yet data on long-term virological outcomes are scarce. In addition, recent evidence indicates that HIV-infected ART-treated children are at increased risk of lung impairment, and data on the pathological mechanisms involved are limited. ...

Scientific abstract Antibiotic resistance, especially in Gram-negative pathogens, represents a substantial clinical and financial burden to our society. The presented work investigated mechanisms and evolutionary dynamics that promote the emergence and maintenance of resistance in bacteria. In the first study, conserved collateral susceptibility changes were identified across resistant uropathogenic ...

Enterococcus faecium is a ubiquitous bacterium that only recently emerged as a nosocomial pathogen. Infections mostly affect immunocompromised patients and multi-resistance of E. faecium often hampers treatment. This thesis focuses on determinants, which give pathogenic potential to E. faecium. In the first paper, two TirE proteins are described as novel virulence factors of E. faecium. The tirE ...

Mennesker eksponeres for en rekke miljøgifter gjennom diett og ved bruk av produkter som er ment til å forbedre hverdagen. Kartlegging av eksponering er viktig for å kunne iverksette tiltak som reduserer denne. Vi har undersøkt mengden perfluoroalkyl forbindelser i blodet til fødende kvinner bosatt i Sør Afrika, by beliggende i arktisk del av Russland og landsbygda i Usbekistan. Konklusjonen er at ...

Antibodies against human platelet antigen (HPA)-1a are the most common cause of fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) in Caucasians, and is a break of the tolerance normally seen for the fetus in pregnant women. The initiation of immunization is suggested to be feto-maternal transfer of platelets during pregnancy and at delivery, and one of the consequences of anti-HPA-1a antibodies ...

Cluster headache has been claimed to be a chronobiological disorder because of its striking periodic occurrence. This suggests that the biological clock is involved in the pathophysiology of the disease, but few researchers have studied this in depth. In this thesis, we have studied several aspects of chronobiology in cluster headache patients. First, we assessed the periodicity of headache attacks, ...

Lungekreft er uten sammenligning den kreftsykdommen som tar flest liv i Norge og 6 personer dør i gjennomsnitt hver dag av sykdommen. De som blir oppdaget i et tidlig stadium kan opereres med mål om å bli kurert. Likevel dør nesten halvparten av de som blir operert av lungekreft og behovet for nye behandlingsalternativer er stort. Andersens funn viser at markører for lave surstoff nivåer og ...