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norskDoktorgradsavhandlinger (Helsefak)
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Physical activity, endurance sport practice, atrial fibrillation, and prevention of adverse events: The Norwegian Exercise in Atrial Fibrillation Study (NEXAF)
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2025-05-27)Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common arrhythmia worldwide, is associated with an increased risk of stroke and mortality. Low to moderate physical activity (PA) levels are associated with a reduced AF risk. Conversely, high PA is associated with an increased risk. Thus, it is unclear whether the beneficial effect of high PA is offset by an increased AF risk. Furthermore, the impact of PA on ... -
Exploring the potential effects of PFAS exposure on biomarkers: Insights from legacy PFAS and oxidizable precursors on blood lipids, DNA methylation, and gene expression
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2025-05-28)Humans are exposed to numerous chemicals daily, including per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), a class of synthetic compounds that have dominated human exposure for decades. These highly persistent chemicals are widely used in industrial and consumer products and are among the most prevalent contaminants detected in human blood. While some legacy PFAS have been phased out due to increasing ... -
Predicting Norwegian elderly hospitalizations using Machine Learning
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2025-05-23)This thesis focuses on developing a Machine Learning (ML) model to predict the first hospital admission in older Norwegian patients. Addressing the complexity of predicting all-cause hospitalizations required a comprehensive approach, beginning with a systematic review of existing work. The review highlighted some important gaps in the use of ML for predicting hospitalization such as challenges in ... -
Emotional and behavioral problems among school-going adolescents in different districts of Nepal: A cross-sectional study on prevalence, associated factors, cross-informant correlations, and impact of problems as perceived by the parents
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2025-05-23)Large-scale studies on adolescents’ emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs) are limited in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Nepal. This study aimed to narrow this knowledge gap. Data were collected from 64 schools in 16 districts across Nepal. Adolescents (N = 1904) aged 11-18 years completed the Nepali version of the Youth Self-Report (YSR). The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) ... -
Nucleic acids against biofilms: DNA nanoparticles as drug delivery systems for biofilm penetration, inhibition and eradication
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2025-05-16)The organization of microorganisms in biofilms presents an obstacle in antimicrobial therapy and a great burden to health care systems worldwide. The complex structural dynamics of biofilms, in which pathogens form dense cell clusters and produce a sticky matrix that surrounds them, creates a great challenge for biofilm eradication. Additionally, the ease of biofilm formation in diverse medical ... -
Adaptive responses in foodborne pathogens to environmental and antibiotic stress
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2025-05-09)Foodborne illnesses cause significant mortality, particularly in underdeveloped nations. The gastric acid barrier in the stomach serves as a vital defense against pathogens, but bacteria with acid tolerance mechanisms can bypass it, often requiring antibiotics for treatment. The growing threat of antibiotic resistance underscores the need to better understand how resistant bacteria emerge. <i>Vibrio ... -
Ready for Shared decision making: Development of a meta-curriculum for training healthcare professionals in shared decision making
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2025-05-09)<p><i>Background and aim:</i> Healthcare professionals (HCPs) can facilitate informed values-based choices by involving patients in health decisions through a process known as shared decision-making (SDM). However, HCPs have insufficient communication competencies in SDM and training programs are lacking. The research project aimed to develop a meta-curriculum for training HCPs in SDM, "Ready for ... -
Tertiary lymphoid structures and inflammation in Systemic Lupus Erythematous and Sjögrens Disease
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2025-05-02)Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjögren’s disease (SjD) are autoimmune diseases, characterized by immune responses against the body’s own cells and tissues. Chronic inflammation may induce the formation of tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS), which might drive the disease progression. Approximately half of the SLE patients develop lupus nephritis (LN), a renal manifestation where autoantibodies ... -
Variation in cancer treatment of elderly patients in Norway - Geographic, socioeconomic, and impact of timing
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2025-04-25)The risk of developing cancer increases with age, and the number of new cancer cases is expected to rise among the elderly due to an aging population, posing significant challenges to the health care system. This thesis investigated: (i) geographic and socioeconomic variations in curative treatment and choice of treatment modality for elderly patients with high-risk prostate cancer; (ii) geographic ... -
Innovative nanofiber systems as antimicrobial wound dressings: The impact of biopolymers, liposomes and varying nanofiber complexities on chloramphenicol delivery
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2025-04-11)Chronic wounds are a worldwide burden, affecting both patients and healthcare systems and therefore novel treatment options are needed. The development of novel wound dressings with an antimicrobial effect can help to address the problem of chronic wound healing and chronic wound infections. We propose the use of nanofibers, which are scaffolds with a fibrous structure fabricated via electrospinning ... -
Associations of heart rate, cognitive function, and retinal vascular calibers with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and age-related GFR decline in a healthy general population
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2025-04-07)Kronisk nyresykdom er en økende global helseutfordring, mye som følge av en aldrende befolkning samt bedre behandlinger av kroniske sykdommer som øker overlevelsesraten. Nyrefunksjonen, vurdert ved glomerulær filtrasjonsrate (GFR), avtar naturlig med alderen, men dette tas imidlertid ikke hensyn til i definisjonen av kronisk nyresykdom. Dette kan føre til overdiagnostisering hos personer med fysiologisk ... -
Vitamin D status in an adolescent Arctic population: Results from the Fit Futures study
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2025-03-27)There has been limited knowledge about the vitamin D status in Norwegian adolescents. Residing at high latitude, North Norwegian adolescents are at risk of vitamin D deficiency. The population-based longitudinal study Fit Futures (69°N) provided a unique opportunity to examine vitamin D prevalence among 16- and 18-year-olds and report lifestyle habits predictive of vitamin D levels. Vitamin D ... -
Targeting virulence: Activity-Based Protein Profiling (ABPP) for Discovery of Potential Therapeutic Targets in Enterococcus faecium
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2025-03-14)<i>Enterococcus faecium</i>, a gut commensal bacterium, has become a significant nosocomial and opportunistic pathogen, linked to infections like urinary tract infections, bacteraemia, and endocarditis. Its success as a pathogen is partly due to its high level of resistance to antibacterial agents. These resistance mechanisms are complicating treatment, especially in strains resistant to vancomycin, ... -
Psoriasis and vitamin D: Insights from a randomised clinical trial, a cross-sectional analysis of the Tromsø Study 2015-16 and a factorial Mendelian randomisation study using the UK Biobank and HUNT
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2025-03-14)Association between the skin disease psoriasis and lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels has been found in some studies. Overweight is considered a risk factor for both psoriasis and vitamin D deficiency. Topical vitamin D analogues are routine treatment for psoriasis, but effect of per oral supplementation is not established. This thesis aimed to enhance understanding of the link between ... -
Can Individual Placement and Support (IPS) contribute to change the life of individuals experiencing mental health problems? Challenges related to Efficacy, Effectiveness, and Implementation
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2025-03-07)Mental health problems are leading cause of disability in Western societies, with a rising proportion due to mental health problems among young people. Employment is beneficial for health and well-being and is a human right for all. Employment is a key goal for individuals with severe mental health problems, and the vocational rehabilitation approach, Individual Placement and Support (IPS), has ... -
Toddlers’ imitation and understanding of communicative intentions in various social contexts - The role of social partner type and ostension on toddlers’ imitation and their inferences about communicative intentions
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2025-02-28)Children are innately adapted to socialize with their caregivers and environment. In the first years of life, they engage in social learning through interactions with others, for instance, by observing and imitating behaviors. They learn most effectively when adults communicate ostensively with them, using eye contact, infant-directed speech, or contingent responsivity. They may even faithfully ... -
Female sex hormones and subtypes of breast cancer
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2025-02-20)Bakgrunn: Det er gode holdepunkter for at kvinnelige kjønnshormoner har en avgjørende rolle i utviklingen av brystkreft. Subtyper av brystkreft utgjør distinkte sykdomsentiteter og har ulik etiologi, risikofaktorer og prognoser. Disse subtypene er ofte klassifisert som luminal A-lignende, luminal B-lignende, HER2-positiv og trippel-negativ brystkreft (TNBC) basert på immunhistokjemisk undersøkelse. ... -
MRI in musculoskeletal inflammatory disease in children, with a focus on technique, standardisation and findings
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2025-02-07)Inflammatory musculoskeletal (MSK) diseases are common among children and adolescents, with early diagnosis and treatment crucial for long-term outcomes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a key tool in guiding treatment due to the challenges of clinical assessment of disease activity. However, there is a lack of validated, child-specific MRI tools for monitoring these diseases. This ... -
Modern corneal imaging technology in cataract and refractive surgery -Total corneal astigmatism and corneal epithelial thickness measurements for surgical planning in lens exchange- and laser vision correction surgery
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2025-01-24)<p><i>Background/Aim:</i> The precision and accuracy of corneal imaging technology are crucial in contemporary cataract and refractive surgery. This thesis aims to assess the repeatability and agreement of measurements for total corneal astigmatism (TCA), axial length (AL) and corneal epithelial thickness mapping (ETM) using five modern optical coherence tomography (OCT) devices across various ... -
Novel Molecular Characteristics of Ulcerative Colitis
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2025-01-10)Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease and one type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). UC is characterized by a temporal course of remission and relapse. Environmental factors, immune system dysregulation, and genetic susceptibility interact intricately in the aetiology of UC. It is unclear how interactions involving non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), epigenetic modifications, ...
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