The standard contest model in which participants compete in a single dimension is well understood and documented. In this paper we propose an extension in which competition ensues in several dimensions and a competitor that wins a certain number of these is awarded a prize. We look at the design of this contest from the point of view of maximizing effort in the contest (per dimension and totally), ...

Discrete deterministic age-structured, stage-structured and difference delay equation population models are analysed and compared with respect to stability and nonstationary behaviour. All three models show that species with iteroparous life histories tend to be more stable than species with semelparous life histories which allow us to conclude that this must be a fairly general ecological ...

This study explores into Japanese cultural meaning of nature. The paper studies Japanese domestic tourists to a mountain trail near Tokyo. East Asian concept of nature distinctively identifies itself as a unity between nature and humanity. To gain a more defining understanding of Shintoism-inspired meaning of nature, we surveyed on the meaning of nature, experiences and benefits sought and ...

The environmental sustainability of bitcoin is making waves in the empirical literature, yet, no study has thus far examined the financial determinants of bitcoin energy consumption and carbon footprint. Here, we use novel estimation methods comprising dynamic ARDL simulations and general-to-specific VAR to examine steady-state effects, cumulative impulse-response, and counterfactual shocks of bitcoin ...

Trading time seasonality reflects the seasonal behavior of futures prices with the same time of maturity. Hence, it differs from classical seasonality, which reflects seasonal behavior induced by the spot price observed for varying maturities. This type of seasonality is linked to the pricing kernel which in turn accounts for seasonal changes in preferences of agents and tied to risk aversion and ...

Using transition theory from political science, this paper analyses how the lives of children of Norwegians punished for collaboration with the German occupant were adversely influenced by transitional justice after the return to democracy in 1945. The paper highlights how the complexity and hectic character of such regime changes are associated with a high risk for unintended social outcomes, a ...

High levels of trust can reduce the risk of inter-organizational relationships failing. Also, high levels of trust between business partners can be advantageous as less time and effort are spent controlling the motives and behavior of a company’s counterpart. This case study explores the management control systems between two small Norwegian salmon farming companies engaged in a joint venture. ...

We assess the communications of 37 airlines on their own websites regarding voluntary carbon offsets (VCO) to determine the extent to which they are either trustworthy or misleading. We propose an innovative coding framework that captures the trustworthy or misleading attributes of the messages as they are applied to: i) the type of claim (product, process, fact or image), and ii) the nature of ...