<p><i>Objectives</i>: To demonstrate a study design that could be useful in low‐resource and violent urban settings and to estimate the prevalence of child violence exposure (at home, community, and school) and child mental health problems in a low‐income medium‐size city.</p> <p><i>Methods</i>: The Itaboraí Youth Study is a Norway–Brazil collaborative longitudinal study conducted in Itaboraí ...

The causal nature of the association between hypovitaminosis D and poor cognitive function in mid- to later-life is uncertain. Using a Mendelian randomisation(MR) approach, we examined the causal relationship between 25(OH)D and cognitive function. Data came from 172,349 participants from 17 cohorts. DHCR7(rs12785878), CYP2R1 rs12794714) and their combined synthesis score were chosen to proxy 25(OH)D. ...

Background:<br>Vitamin D deficiency has been described as being pandemic, but serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] distribution data for the European Union are of very variable quality. The NIH-led international Vitamin D Standardization Program (VDSP) has developed protocols for standardizing existing 25(OH)D values from national health/nutrition surveys.<br>Objective:<br>This study applied VDSP ...

Context: Longitudinal data regarding vitamin D status in adolescence is scarce. This study presents population-based data from an Arctic adolescent population (n = 589) at 16 and 18 years. Objective: The aims of this study were to investigate changes in vitamin D status during 2 years in adolescence, and whether lifestyle changes were associated with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (s-25(OH)D) at follow-up. ...

<i>Context</i> - Over the last decade, vitamin D has emerged as a risk determinant for type 2 diabetes and vitamin D supplementation has been hypothesized as a potential intervention to lower diabetes risk. Recently, several trials have reported on the effect of vitamin D supplementation on diabetes prevention in people with prediabetes.<p> <p><i>Evidence Acquisition</i> - A comprehensive literature ...

Background: Lifestyle therapy with resistance training is a potent measure to counteract age-related loss in muscle strength and mass. Unfortunately, many individuals fail to respond in the expected manner. This phenomenon is particularly common among older adults and those with chronic diseases (e.g. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD) and may involve endocrine variables such as vitamin ...

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a frequent disease affecting more than 1 in 12 individuals during their lifetime. VTE is associated with a substantial disease burden due to long-term complications such as recurrence, the post-thrombotic syndrome, and the post-pulmonary embolism syndrome. Despite the knowledge of several risk factors and triggers, more than one third of the VTE events occur in the ...

Background: One way to tackle health inequalities in resource-poor settings is to establish links between doctors and health professionals there and specialists elsewhere using web-based telemedicine. One such system run by the Swinfen Charitable Trust has been in existence for 13 years which is an unusually long time for such systems. Objective: We wanted to gain some insights into whether and ...

<i>Background & aims</i> - Although malnutrition is thought to be common among patients with intraabdominal diseases and is recognized as a risk factor for postoperative complications, diagnostic criteria for malnutrition have not been consistent. Thus, the Global Leadership Initiative in Malnutrition (GLIM) has recently published new criteria for malnutrition. The aims of this study were to investigate ...

Social media channels are being used more and more by people with diabetes for exchanging health information, experiences with their chronic condition, and asking and giving advice to their peers[1]. The objective of this study is to describe the nature of the information that is shared on Norwegian diabetes social media groups, and the users’ reactions to these posts.