Climate change affects the Arctic to a greater extent than the global average, causing rapid sea-ice loss and changes in the inflow of warm Atlantic water in the Arctic. Arctic sediments host vast amounts of greenhouse gases in the form of gas hydrates (ice-like cages that trap gas within), that can be released to the seafloor if temperature increases and/or pressure decreases. Climate projections ...

Our understanding of how antimicrobial resistance enzymes evolve to expand their substrate spectrum is limited. OXA-48, an enzyme able to catalyse the hydrolysis of β-lactam drugs, has become one of the most successfully disseminating β-lactamases. Although OXA-48 hydrolyses penicillins with high efficiency, its activity towards oxyimino cephalosporins, such as ceftazidime, is limited. Thus, ceftazidime ...

Fields like medical diagnostics, urban and industrial environmental monitoring or basic microbiological research greatly benefit from advances in chemical and biological sensing. These applications require rapid sample analysis, reduced needs for sample handling, or good sensor network. Such demands can be met with miniaturised sensors utilising methods which secure sufficient sensitivity and ...

The exhaust of particles and heat in the boundary of contemporary magnetic confinement experiments remains to this day a major obstacle on the road to commercially viable fusion energy production. It is recognized, that coherent structures of hot and dense plasma, called blobs or filaments, are the dominant mechanism for cross-field particle transport. These filaments are created by plasma turbulence ...

A complete representation of the Arctic cryosphere has historically been restricted by its remoteness, large extent, and restrictions in measurement methods and equipment. Here, remote sensing of snow-cover is a central method to improve the current knowledge of the Earth's ecosystem, and hence a critical component in cryospheric models. The use of drone-borne radar systems has seen considerable ...

Chip–based fluorescence imaging is an emerging field where the fluorophores in a sample are excited by the evanescent field generated by waveguides. The aim of this thesis is to explore how waveguide–based excitation can benefit super–resolution optical microscopy, as well as investigate other imaging and spectroscopic applications which can benefit from the same platform. For all imaging and ...

With the Arctic sea ice continuously decreasing in both extent and thickness, fast and robust production of reliable ice charts becomes more important to ensure the safety of Arctic operations. This thesis focuses on the development of automated algorithms for the mapping of sea ice from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. It presents a thorough background on the topics of sea ice observations ...

In order to efficiently and accurately calculate vibrational properties for solvated systems, a theoretical framework for combining response theory with the Polarizable Embedding model (PE) has been derived and implemented, and is presented in this thesis. An open-ended recursive formalism is utilized through the implementation in OpenRSP, allowing energy-derivatives to be calculated analytically ...

Microscopy is possibly the best tool we have to peer into the microscopic world to enhance our understanding of the usually invisible, but highly complex and vital events every moment taking place inside living cells. Microscopy is brilliant, but also has its physical constraints and technical limitations. Technical advances have in the last decade pushed optical microscopy past physical limits ...