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Evaluation of the One Health-Ness of 20 Years of Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance in Norway
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-06-21)We evaluated the One Health-ness (OH-ness) of the surveillance system for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Norway by using the recently developed “Evaluation tool for One Health epidemiological surveillance capacities and capabilities” (OH–EpiCap tool). First, we defined the Norwegian AMR surveillance system that we would evaluate. The tool was applied by a group of stakeholders (key persons in the ... -
Suitability of issuing sickness certificates in remote consultations during the COVID-19 pandemic. A mixed method study of GPs' experiences
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-11-20)Objective - To explore Norwegian GPs’ experiences with and perceived suitability of issuing sickness certifications in remote consultations during the COVID-19 pandemic.<p> <p>Design - We used a mixed methods research design. An online survey with 301 respondents was combined with qualitative interviews with ten GPs.<p> <p>Setting - Norwegian general practice.<p> <p>Results - Most GPs agreed ... -
Stressful life events and resilience in individuals with and without a history of eating disorders: a latent class analysis
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-10-16)Background - Eating disorders (EDs) are associated with a range of stressful life events, but few have investigated protective factors that may affect these associations. The current study used mixture modelling to describe typologies in life stress exposure and availability of protective resources in individuals with and without eating disorders (EDs).<p> <p>Methods - A case – control sample ... -
Trajectories of body mass index in adulthood and risk of subtypes of postmenopausal breast cancer
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-10-28)Background - Body fatness is a dynamic exposure throughout life. To provide more insight into the association between body mass index (BMI) and postmenopausal breast cancer, we aimed to examine the age at onset, duration, intensity, and trajectories of body fatness in adulthood in relation to risk of breast cancer subtypes.<p> <p>Methods - Based on self-reported anthropometry in the prospective ... -
Dietary amino acids and risk of stroke subtypes: a prospective analysis of 356,000 participants in seven European countries
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-10-07)Purpose - Previously reported associations of protein-rich foods with stroke subtypes have prompted interest in the assessment of individual amino acids. We examined the associations of dietary amino acids with risks of ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke in the EPIC study.<p> <p>Methods - We analysed data from 356,142 participants from seven European countries. Dietary intakes of 19 individual ... -
Family Caregivers’ Trajectories of Distress While Caring for a Person With Serious Mental Illness
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-10-31)Serious mental illness (SMI) can significantly impact the lives of individuals and their families. These families often experience great emotional distress over time due to the early onset of SMI, which in turn leads to long-term trajectories and only partial recovery. However, we do not fully understand the emotional distress of family caregivers. Thus, our aim was to enrich the understanding ... -
Physical activity, residential greenness, and cardiac autonomic function
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-09-28)Purpose: This population-based study examines the associations between physical activity (PA), residential environmental greenness, and cardiac health measured by resting short-term heart rate variability (HRV).<p> <p>Methods: Residential greenness of a birth cohort sample (n=5433) at 46 years was measured with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) by fixing a 1km buffer around each ... -
Managing persistent physical symptoms when being social and active is the norm: a qualitative study among young people in Denmark
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-10-07)Background An increasing number of young people in Western countries report persistent physical symptoms (PPS). PPS may disturb everyday activities and they may have negative consequences for later adult mental and physical health. Still little is known about how young people handle PPS in their everyday lives. This study examines how young people with PPS attempt to manage their symptoms while ... -
Mammographic features and risk of breast cancer death among women with invasive screen-detected cancer in BreastScreen Norway 1996–2020
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-11-08)Objectives We explored associations between mammographic features and risk of breast cancer death among women with small (<15 mm) and large (≥15 mm) invasive screen-detected breast cancer.<p> <p>Methods We included data from 17,614 women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer as a result of participation in BreastScreen Norway, 1996–2020. Data on mammographic features (mass, spiculated mass, ... -
Dementia Disease Initiation: Demographically adjusted norms based on Scandinavian samples and comparison with published norms from North America
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-12-14)<p><i>Background:</i> Norms are necessary for interpreting neuropsychological test scores. In Norway and Sweden, there is a lack of local norms on neuropsychological tests. Consequently, Scandinavians are frequently norm-referenced to participants from North America tested decades prior. However, factors such as time of assessment, language, population differences in average performance on cognitive ... -
Regression-based normative data for the D-KEFS Color-Word Interference Test in Norwegian adults ages 20–85
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2023-11-16)<p><i>Objective:</i> The Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) Color-Word-Interference Test (CWIT; AKA Stroop test) is a widely used measure of processing speed and executive function. While test materials and instructions have been translated to Norwegian, only American age-adjusted norms from D-KEFS are available in Norway. We here develop norms in a sample of 1011 Norwegians between 20 ... -
Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe definition of quality indicators for pharmaceutical care: a systematic literature review and international consensus development
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-08-30)Background Over the past 40 years, the tasks of pharmacists have shifted from logistic services to pharmaceutical care (PhC). Despite the increasing importance of measuring quality of care, there is no general defnition of Quality Indicators (QIs) to measure PhC. Recognising this, a working group in a European association of PhC researchers, the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE), was ... -
Testing for the fitness benefits of natural transformation during community-embedded evolution
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-08-01)Natural transformation is a process where bacteria actively take up DNA from the environment and recombine it into their genome or reconvert it into extra-chromosomal genetic elements. The evolutionary benefits of transformation are still under debate. One main explanation is that foreign allele and gene uptake facilitates natural selection by increasing genetic variation, analogous to meiotic ... -
Involvement of A13 dopaminergic neurons in prehensile movements but not reward in the rat
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-10-09)Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-containing neurons of the dopamine (DA) cell group A13 are well positioned to impact known DA-related functions as their descending projections innervate target regions that regulate vigilance, sensory integration, and motor execution. Despite this connectivity, little is known regarding the functionality of A13-DA circuits. Using TH-specific loss-of-function methodology ... -
SLE classification criteria: Is “The causality principle” integrated and operative – and do the molecular and genetical network, on which criteria depend on, support the definition of SLE as “a one disease entity” – A theoretical discussion
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-10-24)Molecular and cellular aspects of the autoimmune pathophysiology in SLE is linked to the “The causality principle”. SLE Classification Criteria identify per definition disease measures (here: synonymous with classification criteria), but not diagnostic criteria within a classical framework. These two mostly theoretical criteria collections represent a salient conflict between phenomenology and the ... -
Oral health-related quality of life, impaired physical health and orofacial pain in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis – a prospective multicenter cohort study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-11-20)Background - Knowledge on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is limited, and longitudinal studies are lacking. We aimed to describe OHRQoL in children and adolescents with JIA compared to controls, and to explore the validity and internal consistency of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) and the Child ... -
The Association Between Metabolic Syndrome, Hyperfiltration, and Long-Term GFR Decline in the General Population
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-07-01)Introduction: One-quarter of adults worldwide meet the criteria of metabolic syndrome (MetS). MetS increases the risk of diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and cardiovascular disease. However, the association between MetS, hyperfiltration, and long-term glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decline in the general population is unknown.<p> <p>Methods: In the Renal Iohexol Clearance Survey (RENIS), ... -
Mercury, silver and selenium in serum before and after removal of amalgam restorations: results from a prospective cohort study in Norway
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-11-16)Objective A prospective cohort study on changes of health complaints after removal of amalgam restorations was carried out at the request of the Norwegian Directorate of Health. The aim was to provide and evaluate experimental treatment to patients with health complaints attributed to dental amalgam fillings. <p><p>Methods Patients (n = 32) with medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS), which ... -
Reducing unwarranted variation: can a ‘clinical dashboard’ be helpful for hospital executive boards and top-level leaders?
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-11-23)Background/aim: In the past decades, there has been an increasing focus on defining, identifying and reducing unwarranted variation in clinical practice. There have been several attempts to monitor and reduce unwarranted variation, but the experience so far is that these initiatives have failed to reach their goals. In this article, we present the initial process of developing a safety, quality and ... -
Measuring socioeconomic position in studies of health inequalities
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2024-02-08)<p>There is a consistent finding that the higher the socioeconomic position (SEP), the better the health. The choice of SEP indicator is crucial in explaining these socioeconomic inequalities. However, a poorly motivated use of SEP indicators prevails in the literature on social health inequalities, hampering the transparency and comparability across studies. Its primary aim is to explore different ...
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