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Prolonged Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Accidental Hypothermia: Physiological and pathophysiological effects of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in hypothermia regarding hemodynamics, oxygen transport and regional blood flow
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-12-21)This thesis was aimed to examine the physiological and pathophysiological effects of 3 hours continuous cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) at 27°C concerning hemodynamics, oxygen transport, and regional blood flow. We aimed to explore mechanisms responsible for the successful resuscitation of accidental hypothermia victims in hypothermic cardiac arrest (HCA) and evaluate their value during prolonged ... -
Recurrent venous thromboembolism and bleeding with extended anticoagulation: the VTE-PREDICT risk score
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-01-17)Aims Deciding to stop or continue anticoagulation for venous thromboembolism (VTE) after initial treatment is challenging, as individual risks of recurrence and bleeding are heterogeneous. The present study aimed to develop and externally validate models for predicting 5-year risks of recurrence and bleeding in patients with VTE without cancer who completed at least 3 months of initial treatment, ... -
Description of the prehospital emergency healthcare system in Norway
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-11-23)Background: Norway has a long coastline, steep mountains, and wide fjords, which presents some challenges to the prehospital emergency healthcare system. In recent years, the prehospital emergency medical services (EMS) have undergone significant changes, structurally, in terms of professionalisation of the services and in the education level of the personnel. In this article, we aim to describe ... -
Suffering while resigning to an unacceptable violation of dignity
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-10-22)Background: The interaction of health personnel with relatives is linked to the quality of care results in nursing homes. However, there is limited knowledge of how relatives perceive being an integral part of the nursing home context. This secondary analysis has its starting point in an ethical concern about relatives’ experiences in a previous study.<p> <p>Aim: To critically discuss relatives’ ... -
A window of opportunities: Composing a relational space for living and telling sustainable stories to live by
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-11-22)This article is based on experiences with the Dreamcatchers, a project involving people living with substance addiction, and their significant others, in which the participants composed and explored narratives through creative, collaborative processes. In the article, we think with a narrative composed by one of the participants in the project to learn from her experiences. Our thinking is inspired ... -
The dose-response relationship of pre-menopausal alcohol consumption with age at menopause: a population study of 280 497 women in Norway
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-10-03)Background: Previous research suggests that alcohol consumption is associated with high age at menopause. Yet, knowledge about the dose– response relationship is inconsistent. Thus, we studied the pattern of the association of pre-menopausal alcohol consumption with age at natural menopause.<p> <p>Methods: We performed a retrospective population-based study using self-reported data from 280 497 ... -
How should tranexamic acid be administered in haemorrhagic shock? - continuous serum concentration measurements in a swine model
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-11)Background: Tranexamic acid (TXA) reduces mortality in trauma patients. Intramuscular (IM) administration could be advantageous in low-resource and military settings. Achieving the same serum concentration as intravenous (IV) administration is important to achieve equal mortality reduction. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether dividing an IM dose of TXA between two injection sites and whether ... -
Evaluation of the One Health-Ness of 20 Years of Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance in Norway
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-06-21)We evaluated the One Health-ness (OH-ness) of the surveillance system for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Norway by using the recently developed “Evaluation tool for One Health epidemiological surveillance capacities and capabilities” (OH–EpiCap tool). First, we defined the Norwegian AMR surveillance system that we would evaluate. The tool was applied by a group of stakeholders (key persons in the ... -
Suitability of issuing sickness certificates in remote consultations during the COVID-19 pandemic. A mixed method study of GPs' experiences
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-11-20)Objective - To explore Norwegian GPs’ experiences with and perceived suitability of issuing sickness certifications in remote consultations during the COVID-19 pandemic.<p> <p>Design - We used a mixed methods research design. An online survey with 301 respondents was combined with qualitative interviews with ten GPs.<p> <p>Setting - Norwegian general practice.<p> <p>Results - Most GPs agreed ... -
Stressful life events and resilience in individuals with and without a history of eating disorders: a latent class analysis
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-10-16)Background - Eating disorders (EDs) are associated with a range of stressful life events, but few have investigated protective factors that may affect these associations. The current study used mixture modelling to describe typologies in life stress exposure and availability of protective resources in individuals with and without eating disorders (EDs).<p> <p>Methods - A case – control sample ... -
Trajectories of body mass index in adulthood and risk of subtypes of postmenopausal breast cancer
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-10-28)Background - Body fatness is a dynamic exposure throughout life. To provide more insight into the association between body mass index (BMI) and postmenopausal breast cancer, we aimed to examine the age at onset, duration, intensity, and trajectories of body fatness in adulthood in relation to risk of breast cancer subtypes.<p> <p>Methods - Based on self-reported anthropometry in the prospective ... -
Dietary amino acids and risk of stroke subtypes: a prospective analysis of 356,000 participants in seven European countries
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-10-07)Purpose - Previously reported associations of protein-rich foods with stroke subtypes have prompted interest in the assessment of individual amino acids. We examined the associations of dietary amino acids with risks of ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke in the EPIC study.<p> <p>Methods - We analysed data from 356,142 participants from seven European countries. Dietary intakes of 19 individual ... -
Family Caregivers’ Trajectories of Distress While Caring for a Person With Serious Mental Illness
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-10-31)Serious mental illness (SMI) can significantly impact the lives of individuals and their families. These families often experience great emotional distress over time due to the early onset of SMI, which in turn leads to long-term trajectories and only partial recovery. However, we do not fully understand the emotional distress of family caregivers. Thus, our aim was to enrich the understanding ... -
Physical activity, residential greenness, and cardiac autonomic function
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-09-28)Purpose: This population-based study examines the associations between physical activity (PA), residential environmental greenness, and cardiac health measured by resting short-term heart rate variability (HRV).<p> <p>Methods: Residential greenness of a birth cohort sample (n=5433) at 46 years was measured with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) by fixing a 1km buffer around each ... -
Managing persistent physical symptoms when being social and active is the norm: a qualitative study among young people in Denmark
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-10-07)Background An increasing number of young people in Western countries report persistent physical symptoms (PPS). PPS may disturb everyday activities and they may have negative consequences for later adult mental and physical health. Still little is known about how young people handle PPS in their everyday lives. This study examines how young people with PPS attempt to manage their symptoms while ... -
Mammographic features and risk of breast cancer death among women with invasive screen-detected cancer in BreastScreen Norway 1996–2020
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-11-08)Objectives We explored associations between mammographic features and risk of breast cancer death among women with small (<15 mm) and large (≥15 mm) invasive screen-detected breast cancer.<p> <p>Methods We included data from 17,614 women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer as a result of participation in BreastScreen Norway, 1996–2020. Data on mammographic features (mass, spiculated mass, ... -
Dementia Disease Initiation: Demographically adjusted norms based on Scandinavian samples and comparison with published norms from North America
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2023-12-14)<p><i>Background:</i> Norms are necessary for interpreting neuropsychological test scores. In Norway and Sweden, there is a lack of local norms on neuropsychological tests. Consequently, Scandinavians are frequently norm-referenced to participants from North America tested decades prior. However, factors such as time of assessment, language, population differences in average performance on cognitive ... -
Regression-based normative data for the D-KEFS Color-Word Interference Test in Norwegian adults ages 20–85
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2023-11-16)<p><i>Objective:</i> The Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) Color-Word-Interference Test (CWIT; AKA Stroop test) is a widely used measure of processing speed and executive function. While test materials and instructions have been translated to Norwegian, only American age-adjusted norms from D-KEFS are available in Norway. We here develop norms in a sample of 1011 Norwegians between 20 ... -
Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe definition of quality indicators for pharmaceutical care: a systematic literature review and international consensus development
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-08-30)Background Over the past 40 years, the tasks of pharmacists have shifted from logistic services to pharmaceutical care (PhC). Despite the increasing importance of measuring quality of care, there is no general defnition of Quality Indicators (QIs) to measure PhC. Recognising this, a working group in a European association of PhC researchers, the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE), was ... -
Testing for the fitness benefits of natural transformation during community-embedded evolution
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-08-01)Natural transformation is a process where bacteria actively take up DNA from the environment and recombine it into their genome or reconvert it into extra-chromosomal genetic elements. The evolutionary benefits of transformation are still under debate. One main explanation is that foreign allele and gene uptake facilitates natural selection by increasing genetic variation, analogous to meiotic ...
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